风机盘管空调系统夏季节能模拟与控制研究

运用建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus对北京某高层写字楼进行了能耗及节能控制策略的模拟,并根据模拟结果对该大厦的楼宇控制系统进行了设计,实现了建筑能耗模拟和楼宇控制系统节能运行的人工连接。     

Overheating in English dwellings: comparing modelled and monitored large-scale datasets

ABSTRACT

Monitoring and modelling studies of the indoor environment indicate that there are often discrepancies between simulation results and measurements. The availability of large monitoring datasets of domestic buildings allows for more rigorous validation of the performance of building simulation models derived from limited building information, backed by statistical significance tests and goodness-of-fit metrics. These datasets also offer the opportunity to test modelling assumptions. This paper investigates the performance of domestic housing models using EnergyPlus software to predict maximum daily indoor temperatures over the summer of 2011. Monitored maximum daily indoor temperatures from the English Housing Survey’s (EHS) Energy Follow-Up Survey (EFUS) for 823 nationally representative dwellings are compared against predictions made by EnergyPlus simulations. Due to lack of information on the characteristics of individual dwellings, the models struggle to predict maximum temperatures in individual dwellings and performance was worse on days when the outdoor maximum temperatures were high. This research indicates that unknown factors such as building characteristics, occupant behaviour and local environment makes the validation of models for individual dwellings a challenging task. The models did, however, provide an improved estimate of temperature exposure when aggregated over dwellings within a particular region.     

变频空调制热工况仿真模块的开发与实验研究

在美国能源部动态建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus的基础上,提出适合于动态能耗计算的变频多联空调（VRF）能耗算法,并开发相应的计算模块;同时,建立VRF实验测试系统,在冬季测试数据的基础上,进行能耗仿真比较验证。结果表明,平均供热量和耗电量误差分别为34．97％和26．51％,VRF能耗计算模块能够追踪EnergyPlus负荷计算的精度,并且正确反映机组的能耗特性。     

夏热冬冷地区宾馆建筑外窗经济性分析

以上海的某宾馆建筑为研究对象,利用建筑能耗模拟软件Energy Plus对单层透明玻璃窗、双层low-e玻璃窗、单层透明玻璃窗贴隔热膜和双层玻璃窗加外遮阳4种外窗设计方案进行了建筑全年能耗模拟。结果表明,双层玻璃窗加外遮阳的能效最好,单层透明玻璃窗贴隔热膜次之,再次为双层low-e玻璃窗,单层透明玻璃窗最差。在综合考虑能耗费用和初投资的情况下,最终发现双层玻璃窗加外遮阳设计方案的经济性最好。     

变频多联空调能耗仿真程序的开发研究

为了评价变频多联空调系统在建筑应用中的能耗特性，在通用软件Energy Plus基础上编写相应的计算模块，在室内设定温度分别为22℃，24℃，26℃，28℃的情况下对变频多联空调系统的性能系数和部分负荷比，以及室外温度和机组能耗的关系进行计算分析，并与文献中的实验结果作对比验证。结果表明，变频多联空调系统在部分负荷工作条件下具有优秀的节能特性。     

变频多联空调能量特性的建模和仿真

为评价变频多联空调(VRV)的能耗特性,基于美国能源部动态建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus开发了VRV的能耗计算模块。利用一实际建筑作算例,在不同室内设定温度、不同室内机开停台数的情况下对变频多联空调系统的性能系数和部分负荷比以及室外温度和机组能耗的关系进行了计算分析,并与文献中的实验结果作了对比验证。结果表明,所开发的计算模块能够较好地分析变频多联空调系统的能耗特性。     

Co-simulation of a HVAC system-integrated phase change material thermal storage unit

A co-simulation environment, consisting of a detailed mathematical model of a thermal energy storage unit which is incorporated with an EnergyPlus simulation model of a full building HVAC system, is described. The two models are integrated using the user-defined plant component feature in EnergyPlus and the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) environment. The thermal energy storage unit, which consists of encapsulated phase change material in a series of flat plates and a heat transfer working fluid (water), is modelled using a transient one-dimensional forward finite difference method. The thermal storage model is executed within MATLAB and is verified against experimental data, showing a discharging heat transfer accuracy to within 2.5%. The building model, which incorporates a retrofitted ground source heat pump system within a thermally massive building, is simulated in the EnergyPlus environment. The co-simulation arrangement allows for in-depth analysis of the integrated system under dynamic operating conditions, which is currently not possible within the EnergyPlus environment. Moreover, the overall adopted approach, based on generic integration of a detailed mathematical model, using a third party generalised programming environment, into an established building simulation environment, serves as a successful exemplar for other researchers and practitioners working in the field.     

EnergyPlus中变频多联空调系统蒸发温度控制能耗仿真模块的开发与实验验证

在当前建筑节能的理念和科技背景下,如何选用合适的空调系统方式来节约建筑物设备能耗,是建筑节能领域学者们最关注的问题之一.由于变频多联空调系统(VRF系统)具有良好的节能性,这种系统的仿真研究近年来发展迅速.利用基于BESP平台的EnergyPlus软件中建立的变频多联空调系统仿真模块和性能曲线法新增加的变频多联空调系统在改变蒸发温度的情况下VRF空调系统制冷量和能耗的计算功能,对实际办公室进行的夏季典型日空调系统能耗进行计算,并与实验结果进行对比及误差分析,对原模型进行了改进并提出了相应的建议.     

Robustness of a methodology for estimating hourly energy consumption of buildings using monthly utility bills

The evaluation of building energy consumption under typical meteorological conditions requires building energy profiles on an hourly basis. Computer simulations can be used to obtain this information, but generating simulations requires a significant amount of experience, time, and effort to enter detailed building parameters. This paper considers a simple methodology for using existing EnergyPlus benchmark building energy profiles to estimate the energy profiles of buildings with similar characteristics to a given benchmark model. The method utilizes the building monthly energy bills to scale a given benchmark building energy profile to approximate the real building energy profile. In particular, this study examines the robustness of the methodology considered with respect to the parameter discrepancies between a given building and the corresponding EnergyPlus benchmark model used to estimate its profile. Test buildings are defined by perturbing several combinations of the parameters defined in the benchmark building model. The test buildings examined are similar to the EnergyPlus, medium sized office, benchmark building in Baltimore, MD, and a total of 72 distinct test building configurations are examined. The analysis reveals that the methodology can significantly reduce the errors introduced by discrepancies from the EnergyPlus benchmark model.     

An ice rink floor thermal model suitable for whole-building energy simulation analysis

This paper presents a thermal model for an ice rink floor system that is integrated into EnergyPlus, a whole-building energy simulation tool, to improve design, evaluation, and operation of ice rink facilities. The developed ice rink floor thermal model, based on the conduction transfer function method, is validated against experimental data obtained under laboratory testing conditions. Two control strategies for indoor ice rink floor systems were modeled and evaluated including a brine temperature control strategy and an ice surface temperature control strategy.