储层流动单元划分方法在苏里格气田的应用

为了能更高效地开发苏里格气田，必须对储层内部结构等因素深入研究，表征它们的性质及对气体渗流的影响，因此从流动单元的角度对苏里格气田气体渗流机理进行研究是非常必要可行的。文章在渗流屏障分析基础上，运用了FZI、聚类分析和相关的分析方法，利用取心井资料和测井解释物性资料对苏里格气田盒8段下进行了流动单元的划分，共划分了3类流动单元，得出了每一类流动单元的判别函数，从而进行全区气井流动单元的划分。研究结果表明，物性和储集能力都较好的流动单元大部分位于心滩沉积微相中部，部分分布于心滩微相顶底部；河道沉积是控制物性较好流动单元的主要沉积微相之一。储层流动单元比沉积微相更精细地刻化了影响储层流体流动的地下结构，通过流动单元的研究可以预测剩余油的可能分布。     

Direct observations of colloid retention in granular media in the presence of energy barriers, and implications for inferred mechanisms from indirect observations

In this paper we present direct observations of retention of colloids in granular porous media over a large size range (0.21-9.0 μm) and generalize the significance of attachment in grain to grain contacts and attachment on the open surface as a function of colloid:collector ratio. We examine reversibility of attachment via these mechanisms with respect to ionic strength reduction and fluid velocity increase. We relate these direct observations to existing literature, and in some cases offer alternative interpretations of mechanisms of retention drawn from indirect observations (e.g. via column effluent and retained concentrations).     

示踪剂监测井间动态技术研究及应用

示踪剂监测技术是用以描述油藏,监测油层有无高渗透层或大孔道存在,跟踪注水流向及贡献率,分析油水井注采状况和判断断层密封性的一种特殊的动态监测技术。三叠系长4＋5、长6油藏在早期的注水开发中,出现了部分井注入水单方向突进现象,引起主方向油井水淹,超低渗透引入示踪剂监测井间动态技术,对监测结果绘出示踪剂产出曲线加以分析,得出了储层井间连通状况,物性分布特征等参数,从而为评价储层非均质性以及油藏的注采调整提供了重要依据。     

高含水期剩余油研究方法及影响因素分析

经过长期注水开采的油田已经基本进入了高含水期,研究剩余油的分布以及油田开发难度越来越大。高含水期剩余油对于增加可采储量和提高采收率具有很大的潜力,研究剩余油势在必行,主要从成因、影响因素、研究方法三方面进行。     

Phase control in glass-composite for three-dimensional active waveguide with broadband response

Broadband optical amplification is crucially important for expanding the transmission capacity of optical communication system and resolving the issue of internet traffic. A major challenge is the development of broadband gain materials. Herein, a heterogeneity engineering strategy is proposed for constructing all-inorganic transparent composite with tunable and ultrabroadband luminescence. The composite is characterized by the glass matrix homogeneously embedded with highly dense nanocrystalline domains with the optimal crystallinity of ～63.7%. Notably, the formation dynamics and phase configuration of the composite can be controlled. As a result, the interesting optical response with tunable and ultrabroadband near-infrared luminescence from 1000 to 1800 nm can be realized. In addition, the embedded high density crystalline domains gift the composite with the excellent antilaser damage behavior and three-dimensional smooth active waveguide can be directly written by using femtosecond laser. This unique feature allows the creation of the integrated waveguide array device and the potential for broadband optical amplification is demonstrated. Results suggest that the proposed heterogeneity engineering strategy can not only be extended for exploitation of active composite system, but also development of three-dimensional broadband photonic devices with high integration level.     

Heterogeneity of shale documented by micro‐FTIR and image analysis

In this study, four New Albany Shale Devonian and Mississippian samples, with vitrinite reflectance [R_o] values ranging from 0.55% to 1.41%, were analyzed by micro‐FTIR mapping of chemical and mineralogical properties. One additional postmature shale sample from the Haynesville Shale (Kimmeridgian, R_o = 3.0%) was included to test the limitation of the method for more mature substrates. Relative abundances of organic matter and mineral groups (carbonates, quartz and clays) were mapped across selected microscale regions based on characteristic infrared peaks and demonstrated to be consistent with corresponding bulk compositional percentages. Mapped distributions of organic matter provide information on the organic matter abundance and the connectivity of organic matter within the overall shale matrix. The pervasive distribution of organic matter mapped in the New Albany Shale sample MM4 is in agreement with this shale's high total organic carbon abundance relative to other samples. Mapped interconnectivity of organic matter domains in New Albany Shale samples is excellent in two early mature shale samples having R_o values from 0.55% to 0.65%, then dramatically decreases in a late mature sample having an intermediate R_o of 1.15% and finally increases again in the postmature sample, which has a R_o of 1.41%. Swanson permeabilities, derived from independent mercury intrusion capillary pressure porosimetry measurements, follow the same trend among the four New Albany Shale samples, suggesting that micro‐FTIR, in combination with complementary porosimetric techniques, strengthens our understanding of porosity networks. In addition, image processing and analysis software (e.g. ImageJ) have the capability to quantify organic matter and total organic carbon – valuable parameters for highly mature rocks, because they cannot be analyzed by micro‐FTIR owing to the weakness of the aliphatic carbon–hydrogen signal.     

成岩岩相分析：一种全新的成岩非均质性研究方法

成岩岩相是一种根据其独特的，可观测的成岩组构特征是以识别的定义的岩石单位。成岩岩相分析以储集体为基本单元，通过对成岩岩相的识别和描述，成岩岩相序列分析及各种成岩岩相分布图的编制，从微观到宏观，从纵向到平面对成岩非均质性进行评价。     

双层组合套管在定向井盐层段的应用

中原油田在卫２８１井定向井段首次下入双层组合套管，以预防盐层套管的损坏。本文以弹性力学有关理论为指导，对盐层段双层组合套管强度进行了理论推导计算。实践表明，双层组合套管在盐层段和其它特殊层段的应用，对预防套管损坏是切实可行的。     

Managing heterogeneous multi-system tasks to support enterprise-wide operations

The computing environment in most medium-sized and large enterprises involves old main-frame based (legacy) applications and systems as well as new workstation-based distributed computing systems. The objective of the METEOR project is to support multi-system workflow applications that automate enterprise operations. This paper deals with the modeling and specification of workflows in such applications. Tasks in our heterogeneous environment can be submitted through different types of interfaces on different processing entities. We first present a computational model for workflows that captures the behavior of both transactional and non-transactional tasks of different types. We then develop two languages for specifying a workflow at different levels of abstraction: the Workflow Specification Language (WFSL) is a declarative rule-based language used to express the application-level interactions between multiple tasks, while the Task Specification Language (TSL) focuses on the issues related to individual tasks. These languages are designed to address the important issues of inter-task dependencies, data formatting, data exchange, error handling, and recovery. The paper also presents an architecture for the workflow management system that supports the model and the languages. Recommended by: Omran Bukhres and e. Kühn     

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传统的气田开发设计是将每口井的产量都看成一个定值。但在实际生产中，每口井的产量受多种因素的影响，是一个不确定值。因任何一个气田的储层在横向上、纵向上都存在非均质的问题，表现在不同区域不同层位，其产量也不同。按照传统设计方法得到的结果与实际情况存在一定差别。文章根据气田储层的非均质特性，引入了产量的随机分布特征和风险系数，建立了完成预定总产量的气田开发风险设计计算模型和相应的计算方法，建立了风险系数与合理井数计算关系的数学模型；从风险设计的原理、计算方法等进行了深入研究，并对实例进行了分析与计算。结果表明，文章提出的方法具有实用价值。