新一代信息基础设施推动能源发展的路径安排和绩效研究

随着信息技术的迅猛发展,其带来的变革浪潮涌动在各个角落。作为社会的运行动脉,能源的产生运转和利用体系享受新一代信息基础设施的优势,发生着巨大变化。文章研究了新一代信息基础设施对于能源革命的推动传导方式的影响,分析了在这一过程中新一代信息基础设施普及对能源行业及能源使用方式的影响。基于过往信息化数据、已有理论及当下流行的5G运用方式,做回溯性探究,前瞻未来能源革命的蓝图。     

电弧离子镀NiAlHf涂层的抗高温氧化性能

目的通过电弧离子镀技术,获得抗氧化性能优良的NiAl涂层。方法采用电弧离子镀技术,在弧流为110 A,偏压为-50 V的参数下沉积NiAlHf涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对涂层的物相结构和形貌进行分析,通过能谱仪(EDS)分析涂层的成分。采用恒温氧化增重实验对涂层的氧化动力学进行分析。结果由电弧离子镀技术制备的NiAl涂层致密均匀,无大颗粒、孔洞等缺陷。涂层主要由β-NiAl相组成,活性元素Hf固溶在主相中。NiAlHf涂层表现出良好的抗高温氧化性能,动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,在1150℃下恒温氧化200h的平均氧化速率为0.0841g/(m^2×h),远优于传统MCrAlY涂层体系。NiAlHf涂层在氧化初期形成保护性的α-Al2O3氧化皮以及少量亚稳态的θ-Al2O3,随后θ-Al2O3逐渐转变为稳态的α-Al2O3。Hf在涂层表面富集从而形成HfO2,对氧化皮形成了钉扎作用,增强了氧化皮的粘附性,提高了涂层的抗氧化性能。随着氧化的进行,涂层中的β-NiAl相逐渐转变为γ'-Ni3Al相。结论 NiAlHf涂层在1150℃下仍具备优良的抗高温氧化性能,对下一代耐更高温度涂层开发,电弧离子镀NiAl涂层的技术推广及工业化应用有一定的指导作用。     

基于Nvivo12 Plus的劳动教育实践基地评定标准分析

劳动教育是培养人全面发展的重要组成部分,劳动教育实践基地评定标准对劳动教育基地建设有着重要的引领指导作用。本文采用Nvivo12 Plus对7个省市的劳动教育实践基地评定标准进行编码和归类分析,发现已设立的评定标准体系具有强调安全运行是劳动教育实践基地建设的重心、设施完备是劳动教育实践基地建设的中心、育人功能是劳动教育实践基地建设的核心等一些共同特征,但也存在如忽视对教学反馈的评价、内容过于笼统不够全面、忽视基地师资力量评价、各省指标趋同缺乏指向性等问题。为更好地发挥评定标准体系的引领作用,应将教育基地的教学反馈纳入评定标准体系,明确将师资力量构成列为评估指标,增加体验新兴劳动形态的教育内容,在评定标准中彰显地方特性,使劳动教育实践基地评定标准体系更好服务于劳动教育发展的需要。     

汽车水性金属闪光底色漆的研制与应用

以水性饱和聚酯树脂为基体树脂,以甲醚化氨基树脂为交联剂,以水性闪光铝银粉为效应颜料,以改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物蜡乳液为定向排列剂,在基材润湿剂、消泡剂、流平剂、中和剂、增稠剂、助溶剂、去离子水等的配合下制得水性金属闪光底色漆。涂膜于160℃×20 min条件下固化,具有VOC(挥发性有机化合物)含量低、硬度高、抗冲击、附着力强、闪光效果好、防腐性能优异、绿色环保、施工安全方便等优点。     

A chromium complex under water oxidation: A conversion mechanism and a comprehensive hypothesis

Water splitting toward hydrogen production is a promising method to store energy, but water oxidation is a bottleneck for water splitting. First-row transition metal complexes have been extensively used for water-oxidation reaction. However, only one chromium complex has been applied for water-oxidation reaction until now. Thus, the reinvestigation of water-oxidation reaction by this chromium complex in detail is interesting. Herein, water-oxidation reaction by the chromium complex with diphenoxy N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylimine) (SALEN) ligand is reinvestigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction studies, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. All the experiments showed that the chromium complex is neither a catalyst nor a precatalyst for water-oxidation reaction. During OER, a relationship between first-row transition metal complexes and the related metal oxides has been proposed.     

中国煤矿井下地应力数据库及地应力分布规律

收集了采用井下小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置获得的煤矿地应力数据，以及其他采用应力解除法、水压致裂法等获得的煤矿地应力数据，共计1 357条。在此基础上建立了“中国煤矿井下地应力数据库”，绘制了中国煤矿矿区地应力分布图。分析了我国煤矿井下地应力分布特征和主要影响因素，取得以下研究成果:① 埋深是影响煤矿井下地应力的重要因素。垂直应力总体上随埋深增加不断增大，但数据存在一定的离散性。最大、最小水平主应力总体上也与埋深呈正相关关系，但数据离散性更大。② 在浅部煤矿，地应力类型主要为逆断型应力状态(σH>σh>σV);在千米深井，主要为正断型应力状态(σV>σH>σh);介于两者之间主要为走滑型应力状态(σH>σV>σh)。③ 水平应力与垂直应力的比值(包括最大、最小水平主应力与垂直应力的比值;平均水平主应力与垂直应力的比值;最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力之差与垂直应力的比值)，埋深越小，这些比值离散性越大，分布范围越广。随着埋深增加，比值的离散性和范围越来越小，并逐渐趋于某一定值。④ 粉砂岩、细砂岩、泥质砂岩和泥岩4类岩性地应力数据统计结果表明，总体上，岩石强度越高，承受的水平应力越大。⑤ 弹性模量较大的岩石，水平应力较高;弹性模量较低的松软破碎岩层，水平应力较低。     

Preparation and Characterization of High-Strength Geopolymer Based on BH-1 Lunar Soil Simulant with Low Alkali Content

The construction of a lunar base and habitation on the Moon has always been on researchers’ minds. Building materials used in in situ lunar resources are of great significance for saving expensive space freight. In this study, a new type of lunar soil simulant named Beihang (BH)-1 was developed. The chemical mineral composition and microstructure of BH-1 closely resemble those of real lunar soil, as verified by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and reflectance spectra. This research also synthesized a geopolymer based on BH-1 cured at simulated lunar atmospheric conditions. We also investigated the effect of supplementing aluminum (Al) sources on the enhancement of geopolymer strength based on BH-1. The rheological behavior of alkali-activated BH-1 pastes was determined for workability. XRF, XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize resulting geopolymers. Rheological test findings showed that the rheology of BH-1 pastes fits the Herschel–Bulkley model, and they behaved like a shear-thinning fluid. The results showed that the 28-day compressive strength of the BH-1 geopolymer was improved by up to 100.8%. Meanwhile, the weight of additives required to produce per unit strength decreased, significantly reducing the mass of materials transported from the Earth for the construction of lunar infrastructure and saving space transportation costs. Microscopic analyses showed that the mechanism to improve the mechanical properties of the BH-1 geopolymer by adding an additional Al source enhances the replacement of silicon atoms by Al atoms in the silicon–oxygen group and generates a more complete and dense amorphous gel structure.     

基于知识蒸馏算法的电缆专业知识库应用

电缆全寿命周期内的标准、规程、法规是电缆从业人员开展工作的依据,而齐全、权威且方便查阅的标准和规程是指导电缆各项工作开展和城市电网安全稳定运行的重要保障。介绍了所开发的电缆专业知识库系统,基于小规模样本知识蒸馏算法,实现电缆专业知识库的关键词匹配搜索、笔记摘抄学习以及论坛的学习探讨等功能,提升了电缆从业人员查阅资料、员工学习的效率。     

Comparison of the dynamic responses of monopiles and gravity base foundations for offshore wind turbines in sand using centrifuge modelling

Monopiles and gravity base foundations (GBF) are two of the most commonly used foundations for offshore wind turbines. As resonance can cause damage and even failure of wind turbines, understanding the difference between the dynamic responses of monopiles and GBFs under free vibration is important. However there is little experimental data regarding their natural frequency, especially from model tests carried out at correct stress levels. This paper presents the results of novel monopile and GBF tests using a centrifuge to directly determine the natural frequency (f_n) of the foundation-soil system. The natural frequencies of wind turbine monopiles and GBFs in centrifuge models were measured during harmonic loading using a piezo-actuator, with the results confirming that soil-structure interaction must be considered to obtain the system’s natural frequency as this frequency reduces substantially from fixed-base values. These results will contribute in preventing resonance induced damage in wind-turbines.