混合电容器多孔氧化钌阴极涂层的制备与表征

采用电沉积方法制备了混合电容器钽基多孔氧化钌阴极涂层材料,探讨了电沉积过程中电沉积液的pH值随电沉积时间的变化关系,研究了电沉积时间对氧化钌沉积质量的影响.用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别表征了热处理前后的涂层结构及涂层的多孔形貌,用循环伏安法测量了涂层的电容,并研究了热处理温度对电容量大小及其稳定性的影响.结果表明:电沉积的氧化钌为非晶态,涂层为纳米多孔结构;热处理有利于涂层孔隙结构及大小的均匀性,不同温度的热处理使涂层具有不同的电容,经热处理后涂层的电容稳定;经100℃热处理1 h后的多孔氧化钌涂层具有最大的比电容.     

中国科学院成功研制出氧化钛“光开关”材料

采用循环伏安电沉积技术在钛基上获得水合氧化钌(RuOx·nH2O),其比容量为105F/g。通过电化学测试(循环伏安、恒电流充放电)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了沉积物的电化学性质、物相及组成。结果表明:电沉积法获得的水合氧化钌呈非晶态结构,它由多氧化态钌混合羟基氧化物组成。在1.0mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中,该氧化物呈准电容特征,有较高电化学可逆性,可用作电化学电容器电极材料。     

Carbon supported bimetallic Ru‐Co catalysts for H2 production through NaBH4 and NH3BH3 hydrolysis

This work investigates the effect of the addition of small amounts of Ru (0.5‐1 wt%) to carbon supported Co (10 wt%) catalysts towards both NaBH₄ and NH₃BH₃ hydrolysis for H₂ production. In the sodium borohydride hydrolysis, the activity of Ru‐Co/carbon catalysts was sensibly higher than the sum of the activities of corresponding monometallic samples, whereas for the ammonia borane hydrolysis, the positive effect of Ru‐Co systems with regard to catalytic activity was less evident. The performances of Ru‐Co bimetallic catalysts correlated with the occurrence of an interaction between Ru and Co species resulting in the formation of smaller ruthenium and cobalt oxide particles with a more homogeneous dispersion on the carbon support. It was proposed that Ru^°, formed during the reduction step of the Ru‐Co catalysts, favors the H₂ activation, thus enhancing the reduction degree of the cobalt precursor and the number of Co nucleation centers. A subsequent reduction of cobalt and ruthenium species also occurs in the hydride reaction medium, and therefore the state of the catalyst before the catalytic experiment determines the state of the active phase formed in situ. The different relative reactivity of the Ru and Co active species towards the two investigated reactions accounted for the different behavior towards NaBH₄ and NH₃BH₃ hydrolysis.     

Note of Caution for the Aqueous Behaviour of Metal-Based Drug Candidates

Poor aqueous solubility is one of the recurrent drawbacks of many compounds in medicinal chemistry. To overcome this limitation, the dilution of drug candidates from stock solutions of an organic solvent is common practice. However, the precise characterisation of these compounds in aqueous solutions is often neglected, leading to some uncertainties regarding the nature of the actual active species. In this communication, we demonstrate that two ruthenium complexes previously reported by our group for their chemotherapeutic potential against cancer, namely [Ru(DIP)₂(sq)](PF₆) and [Ru(DIP)₂(3-methoxysq)](PF₆), where DIP is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, sq=semiquinonate and 3-methoxysq=3-methoxysemiquinonate, form colloids in water-DMSO (1 % v/v) mixtures that are invisible to the naked eyes. [Ru(DIP)₂(3-methoxysq)](PF₆) was found to form a highly stable and monodispersed colloid with nanoaggregates of ∼25 nm. In contrast, [Ru(DIP)₂(sq)](PF₆) was found to form large reticulates of mostly spherical aggregates which size was found to increase over time. The difference in size and shape distribution of drug candidates is of tremendous significance as the study of their biological activity might be severely affected. Overall, we strongly believe that these observations should be taken into account by the scientific community working on the development of metal-based drugs with poor water solubility.     

Optimizing the Electronic Structure of Atomically Dispersed Ru Sites with CoP for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in both Alkaline and Acidic Media

Developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over a wide pH range and industrial large-scale hydrogen production is critical and challenging. Here, a tailoring strategy is developed to fabricate an outstanding HER catalyst in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes containing high-density atomically dispersed Ru sites anchored in the CoP nanoparticles supported on carbon spheres (NC@Ru_SA-CoP). The obtained NC@Ru_SA-CoP catalyst exhibits excellent HER performance with overpotentials of only 15 and 13 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m H₂SO₄, respectively. The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the strong interaction between the Ru site and the CoP can effectively optimize the electronic structure of Ru sites to reduce the hydrogen binding energy and the water dissociation energy barrier. The constructed alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolyze (AAEMWE) demonstrates remarkable durability and an industrial-level current density of 1560 mA cm⁻² at 1.8 V. This strategy provides a new perspective on the design of Ru-based electrocatalysts with suitable intermediate adsorption strengths and paves the way for the development of highly active electrocatalysts for industrial-scale hydrogen production.     

A novel supercapacitor-fuel cell hybrid cell

A monolithic hybrid fuel cell (MHFC) with a novel configuration was proposed in an effort to improve the fuel cell performance during instantaneous power changes. A modified direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a layer of hydrous ruthenium dioxide (RuO2·xH2O) sandwiched between the anode catalyst layer and membrane was used to demonstrate the principle of the MHFC. Experimental results indicate that the RuO2·xH2O layer is equivalent to a resistor-capacitor transmission line and functions similar to a capacitor in parallel with the anode electrode. The improvement in dynamic response of the MHFC was experimentally confirmed under step current change and square current pulse operating. The ionic conductivity of the RuO2·xH2O layer was also obtained.     

IrO2对Ti基阳极电化学性能的影响

根据阳极在各行业中应用的要求，从贵金属（铂、铑、铱、钌等）中筛选了铱和钌，在钛基体上进行涂覆，然后，在不同温度下烧结制备成RuO2-IrO2-TiO2/Ti阳极，并对涂层阳极的强化寿命和析氯开路电位进行了测试，采用扫描电镜（SEM）对涂层结构进行了观测分析，结果表明，RuO2-IrO2-TiO2/Ti钛基涂层阳极的最佳烧结温度为450℃，IrO2含量的最佳值为30％（摩尔百分比）。     

钌离子催化氧化法研究沥青质经加氢处理后的变化

 利用钌离子催化氧化方法研究了渣油中沥青质的化学结构，定量测定了与沥青质芳香核相连的烷基侧链和烷基桥链的分布，推断了沥青质中芳香环系的缩合形式，讨论了沥青质组分在加氢处理过程中的结构变化规律。结果表明，渣油组分中都存在C1～C27的烷基侧链，并且主要是正构烷基侧链，也存在与两个芳香核相连接的C2～C16烷基桥链，它们的浓度随链长增加而下降。沥青质的氧化产物中检测出从邻苯二甲酸到苯六甲酸的一系列苯多甲酸。沥青质芳香核结构中存在着渺位缩合、迫位缩合和联苯结构，其中联苯结构较少。沥青质可以看作纯粹的迫位缩合。随着加氢处理深度的增加，沥青质组分的化学结构发生变化，芳香结构较大的芳香核在沥青质中富集，使得沥青质组分中的芳香结构逐渐增多，芳香核缩合程度逐渐增加。