浅谈寒冷地区建筑遮阳设计思路

建筑遮阳可以有效地改善室内的光热环境,达到建筑节能的需求。本文从建筑师的角度出发,通过对寒冷地区建筑遮阳的现状进行分析,探讨了寒冷地区建筑遮阳设计思路,包括整体设计的设计理念、寒冷地区的气候环境特点和历史文化对遮阳设计的影响、寒冷地区建筑遮阳的适宜材料和适宜技术的选择,以期为寒冷地区的建筑遮阳设计提供新的方向。     

新环境下建筑立面设计中的遮阳设计的分析

在对现代建筑进行立面设计时,应该将美感与实际功能的融合。对于现代建筑而言,遮阳设计是建筑物整体的立面结构设计体系中不可缺少的关键环节。     

建筑遮阳在华南地区应用综述

位于低纬度的华南地区,夏季太阳辐射占据建筑能耗比重较大,建筑遮阳是降低建筑能耗的简便而有效的措施,不同的建筑遮阳形式在不同的建筑方位上所产生的效果是不同的,因而会产生不同的建筑遮阳策略。     

建筑玻璃屋面喷雾遮阳及降温效果

建立了雾粒遮阳及降温测试系统。对不同雾粒粒径、分布密度对太阳辐射的遮挡及对玻璃表面的降温效果进行了测试,结果表明,6种测试工况下的雾粒对太阳辐射的遮挡率为21.3%~38.5%,小粒径雾粒有更好的遮挡效果;在实验测试条件下,相同粒径雾粒分布密度每增加1倍,其遮挡率约增加8%;在太阳辐射照度为400~1 000W/m2范围内,随着太阳辐射照度的增加,雾粒对太阳辐射的遮挡量及遮挡率均呈上升趋势;运行喷雾系统后,玻璃盖板内表面平均温度下降了约16℃,内表面温度最高值由60℃降至43.9℃。     

外遮阳对室内热环境影响分析

本文对两间玻璃实验房进行了测试,采用Gennusa平均辐射温度（T＊）模型,从室内操作温度、辐射温度不对称度以及PMV-PPD三个方面,研究了遮阳对室内热环境的影响.采用Tr＊评价后结果显示,使用外遮阳后,测点辐射不对称度最高从25℃降至5℃以内,PMV最高从2降至-0.2,室内热环境得到显著改善.     

Formulation and validation of a mathematical model for a naturally ventilated greenhouse with shading nets in warm and humid climate of India

A thermal model is developed to investigate the suitability of a simple, inexpensive and naturally ventilated greenhouse with shading nets in warm and humid climatic condition for off-season cultivation of vegetables like okra, cucumber, etc. during winter. These vegetables are generally grown during summer and the rainy season. The study was conducted from November 2011 to February 2012 in OUAT, Bhubaneswar, and Odisha where warm and humid climate usually prevails. Air temperatures inside the greenhouse with shading net were only 1–2°C higher during peak sunny hours and considerably 3–5°C more during night hours compared with ambient air temperatures. Lowering of air temperature during peak sunny hours and increasing during the night due to use of shading nets would become favourable for growing off-season vegetables in naturally ventilated greenhouse. Predicted values of air and plant temperatures were found to be in close agreement with experimental values.     

Hero Wavelength Spectral Sampling

We present a spectral rendering technique that offers a compelling set of advantages over existing approaches. The key idea is to propagate energy along paths for a small, constant number of changing wavelengths. The first of these, the hero wavelength, is randomly sampled for each path, and all directional sampling is solely based on it. The additional wavelengths are placed at equal distances from the hero wavelength, so that all path wavelengths together always evenly cover the visible range. A related technique, spectral multiple importance sampling, was already introduced a few years ago. We propose a simplified and optimised version of this approach which is easier to implement, has good performance characteristics, and is actually more powerful than the original method. Our proposed method is also superior to techniques which use a static spectral representation, as it does not suffer from any inherent representation bias. We demonstrate the performance of our method in several application areas that are of critical importance for production work, such as fidelity of colour reproduction, sub‐surface scattering, dispersion and volumetric effects. We also discuss how to couple our proposed approach with several technologies that are important in current production systems, such as photon maps, bidirectional path tracing, environment maps, and participating media.     

基于GPGPU的实体表面实时提取

为实时提取三维实体表面,提出一种基于GPGPU并行计算的实体表面实时提取方法。在分析深度剥离算法原理和GPU图形绘制管线的基础上,给出在GPU上利用深度剥离算法实现实时提取三维实体表面的算法;通过OpenGL的高级着色语言GLSL控制GPU的图形绘制管线实现了该算法,给出其伪代码。以龙、叶轮和刀具扫描体的模型为应用实例验证了该算法效果良好,特别是对于刀具扫描体表面的提取,可满足实时性要求。     

福州某高校新区食堂建筑节能设计实践探索

建筑节能应从方案创作阶段予以重视。文章以福州地区某高校新区食堂为例,在分析福州地区气候特点及日照的基础上,给出了福州地区建筑方案创作阶段建筑物的适宜朝向及建筑的最佳体形设计建议,提出了福州地区建筑遮阳设计方法以及如何合理组织建筑的自然通风等多项建筑节能设计策略。     

基于延迟着色技术的大场景反走样渲染架构设计

为解决飞行仿真领域其视景系统对逼真、复杂场景渲染质量要求高的问题,提出基于延迟着色技术的大场景反走样渲染架构以实现全球地景及场景特效的真实感渲染,达到飞行训练的效果。本渲染架构主要解决延迟着色技术与硬件反走样技术——覆盖采样反走样（CSAA）不兼容的问题,在延迟阶段生成带CSAA反走样的多渲染目标缓存（G-Buffer）,在着色阶段通过记录在特定通道中的透明度蒙版信息进行几何体边缘恢复以进行最终的光照计算;对不同绘制组件开启不同等级的反走样等级以达到效果与效率的平衡,并利用类层次细节（LOD）模型构建技术及标记重要边界信息进行后处理等加强反走样效果。采用本渲染架构开发的视景系统,从实际训练及实验所得到的数据与效果表现上决定不同负载组件最终的采样倍数,这样系统的实时性高（>60 fps）,能达到飞行模拟视景对渲染效率的要求,减少延迟与卡顿;同时该框架反走样效果好于亚像素还原反走样（SRAA）算法,从而视景系统能达到性能与画质的最佳组合。通过实际训练与飞行模拟专家鉴定,基于该框架系统的视景系统能达到飞行仿真训练的目的。