基于Pro/E的远程零件参数化设计系统研究

提出了一种远程设计机械零部件的新方案.利用VC+ +对Pro/E进行二次开发,将开发的程序封装成COM组件,利用Pro/E进行参数化建模,通过ASP技术调用COM组件实现远程参数化设计.以斜齿圆柱齿轮为例说明机械零部件远程设计系统的实现过程.     

Self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system

The self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system were addressed, which greatly degrades the stability of the levitation control, decreases the ride comfort, and restricts the cost of the whole system. Firstly, the coupled model containing the quintessential parts was built, and the mechanism of self-excited vibration was explained in terms of energy transmission from levitation system to bridge. Then, the influences of the parameters of the widely used integral-type proportion and derivation（PD） controller and the delay of signals on the stability of the interaction system were analyzed. The result shows that the integral-type PD control is a nonoptimal approach to solve the self-excited vibration completely. Furthermore, the differential-type PD controller can guarantee the passivity of levitation system at full band. However, the differentiation of levitation gap should be filtered by a low-pass filter due to noise of gap differentiation. The analysis indicates that a well tuned low-pass filter can still keep the coupled system stable.     

A practical robust nonlinear controller for maglev levitation system

In order to explore the precise dynamic response of the maglev train and verify the validity of proposed controller, a maglev guideway-electromagnet-air spring-cabin coupled model is developed in the first step. Based on the coupled model, the stresses of the modules are analyzed, and it is pointed out that the inherent nonlinearity, the inner coupling, misalignments between the sensors and actuators, and external disturbances are the main issues that should be considered for the maglev engineering. Furthermore, a feedback linearization controller based on the mathematical model of a maglev module is derived, in which the nonlinearity, coupling and misalignments are taken into account. Then, to attenuate the effect of external disturbances, a disturbance observer is proposed and the dynamics of the estimation error is analyzed using the input-to-state stability theory. It shows that the error is negligible under a low-frequency disturbance. However, at the high-frequency range, the error is unacceptable and the disturbances can not be compensated in time, which lead to over designed fluctuations of levitation gap, even a clash between the upper surface of electromagnet and lower surface of guideway. To solve this problem, a novel nonlinear acceleration feedback is put forward to enhancing the attenuation ability of fast varying disturbances. Finally, numerical comparisons show that the proposed controller outperforms the traditional feedback linearization controller and maintains good robustness under disturbances.     

稀土变质消除铝合金压铸件中硬质点

初生硅和AlSiMnFe金属间化合物是造成铝合金压铸件中硬质点区域的主要因素,常规钠盐变质不能细化初生硅和Fe相,含有一定比例La,Ce,Pr,Nd和Yb的特殊配制的稀土合金不仅能细化共晶硅,而且细化初生硅并改善Fe相形貌,其中初生硅可细化到小于10μm,因此能有效消除铝合金压铸件中的硬质点区域。     

基于谱图小波阈值的机床主轴振动数字信号降噪研究

通过数控机床运行过程中数据特征采集获得的实际信号存在噪声成分,无法根据信号特征判断机床实际运行状况。为了提高对特征参数提取对信号实施降噪能力,根据谱图小波转换理论与实际应用过程,构建了一种对一维数字信号分析的谱图小波阈值降噪（spectral wavelet threshold denoising, SWTD）算法,再通过仿真信号与机床主轴振动信号降噪方式验证了谱图小波阈值降噪可靠性。研究结果表明：机床主轴振动信号包含的有用频率基本都处于400 Hz范围内的低频区。完成降噪后,SWTD降噪信号形成了稳定幅值,已经接近初始信号,包络谱内超过400 Hz的高频段已被消除,形成了由主轴自转频率与滚切频率构成的主体成分,观察到明显主轴自转频率特征,表明该方法相对小波阈值降噪结果具备更优性能。     

强制驱动电梯的原理与改进建议

本文简要讲述了强制驱动电梯的工作原理,分析了其设计上的不足,针对性地提出了部分改进意见,指出了使用和维保中需要特别注意的事项。     

基于ICA的控制回路故障诊断方法

针对控制回路中各种设备的监测信号之间存在较强的关联性和非高斯分布的特点,首次将独立分量分析法(ICA)用于控制回路的故障诊断中。分别选取回路中控制器输入和输出、执行器输出、变送器输入和输出作为信号观测点,选择控制回路正常运行状况的数据进行ICA建模,获得I2和SPE统计限,当控制回路某个元件发生故障时可以通过统计量的变化对其进行监测。此外,还采用均值贡献率进行故障点定位,有效降低了故障的误诊率。     

磁驱动超疏水海绵制备及油水分离性能

采用浸渍法,以纳米Fe_3O_4和硬脂酸对聚氨酯海绵进行了表面改性,制备了磁驱动超疏水海绵,并对其进行了XRD、FTIR、TG、接触角测试。结果显示:改性后的海绵水接触角高达158?,热稳定性较原始海绵明显提高,弹性性能未遭到破坏,置于高温(热水50～90℃,热空气80～120℃)、强腐蚀溶液(pH=2～13)的苛刻条件下24 h后,水接触角仍然高于148?。将改性后的海绵用于油/水混合物的分离中,表现出了优异的分离能力,且可通过磁铁进行磁驱动和磁回收。     

"创新性"实验对大学生科研能力的培养研究

培养创新性人才,是当今大学教育教学改革的重要目标之一,科研创新能力,已成为当今社会大学生的必备技能。笔者介绍了创新性实验的特点原则,并论述创新性实验过程中培养学生独立思考、自主学习、敢于质疑的科研精神、培养学生严谨的科研态度、培养学生坚韧的创新创造精神、提升学生参与科研的积极性、培养学生的团队合作精神、加强学生的思想道德建设等六大方面的科研创新能力的培养和提高的重要意义和作用。并且结合自身的实际情况,提出自身对创新性实验出现的问题的建议和认知。