响应曲面法优化低砷锑铋铜阳极泥硫酸化焙烧蒸硒

为准确确定低砷锑铋铜阳极泥硫酸化焙烧蒸硒的最优工艺条件,通过响应曲面法进行优化,探究了焙烧温度、保温时间及酸泥比对蒸硒率的影响,建立了硫酸化焙烧蒸硒过程的二次回归方程。结果表明：焙烧温度和保温时间对蒸硒率影响显著,在焙烧温度为522 ℃、保温时间为22.34 min、酸泥比为0.333mL/g的最优条件下,模型预测蒸硒率为99.48%,而实验蒸硒率为99.12%,与预测值相差0.36%,匹配性良好,硫酸化焙烧过程响应曲面法模型可靠。     

多煤层重复采动覆岩破坏高度发育规律研究

为了研究多煤层重复采动下覆岩破坏高度的发育规律,以公乌素煤矿三煤层开采为工程背景,通过现场实测、数值模拟研究方法,得到了单层开采和三层重复开采时16煤1604工作面覆岩导水裂缝带高度,采用3DEC数值模拟研究了单煤层开采及重复采动覆岩的破坏特征,理论分析了重复采动覆岩裂隙发育机理及裂缝带高度的计算方法。结果表明：钻孔冲洗液观测与钻孔窥视结合实测法更准确,公乌素16煤重复采动条件下,裂采比15.14,垮采比3.15|模拟显示采空区两侧裂隙发育明显且为离散裂隙,中部裂隙闭合,裂隙高度与实测较为接近|提出了3种不同程度的重复采动裂缝带发育高度的计算方法,为确定重复采动条件下覆岩裂隙发育高度提供理论依据。     

混凝土结构等耐久性设计方法

针对混凝土结构耐久性能不均衡的现象,在混凝土等截面耐久性设计的基础上提出了混凝土结构等耐久性设计方法,并明确了该方法的定义。首先将结构进行分层模块化划分,基于等耐久性原则确定各层次的目标使用寿命,然后进行使用寿命设计,使各层次的耐久性使用寿命达到目标要求; 在构件截面层次上,对截面的角部采取措施避免截面角部钢筋提前锈蚀引起耐久性失效,实现截面的等耐久性。提出了结构分层模块化划分的规则和方法及基于等耐久性原则的目标使用寿命确定方法和过程; 对于耐久能力严重不足的部位(角部),将钢筋替换为不锈的纤维增强复合材料(FRP)筋,避免过早使耐久性失效,其余部位通过调整保护层厚度使结构达到等耐久性的要求。由于局部环境不同,同种类型的构件需要设置不同的保护层厚度才能实现等耐久性的目标。提出了等耐久性设计的总体过程及不同耐久性等级的使用寿命安全系数取值范围,并通过一个混凝土桥算例说明了截面和结构层次等耐久性设计过程。结果表明:等耐久性设计可以优化选择各类构件的耐久寿命,合理安排初始投资,减少大修次数,降低结构后期维修成本,延长结构寿命,实现混凝土结构的可持续发展。     

互联网时代下城市空间品质提升与特色保护

In this interview, three scholars discussed the problems in China’s urban renewal practice in the Internet Era and the context of inventory development. They first reviewed the factors that impact the characteristics and identity of urban space, and pointed out that urban renewals should not neglect the social, cultural, artistic, historical, and ecological qualities of space. They then underscored the aesthetic education will be future research and practice interest in the field of urban renewal. They noted that, under the impact of “attention economy” and ”online influence,” urban spatial construction across Chinese cities would be homogenized, compromising the diversity of spatial characteristics. Nonetheless, urban planners and designers can leverage the online platforms as communication channels and resources for the protection of spatial characteristics and identities, and to foster new urban development paradigms. In addition, the scholars believed that the public should have a greater discourse power in urban renewals, which requires the the promotion of Community Co-building Initiative, and designers’ efforts in promoting related research and education programs. In the end, they discussed the challenges faced by the protection of historical sites, including the outdated urban governance methods, flawed urban development institution, and the lack of funds due to the slowdown of economic growth. They also encouraged designers to respond to these challenges with long-term, proactive, and innovative perspectives, truly meeting citizens’ daily needs, improving urban governance methods, optimizing urban renewal mechanisms, and impelling the growth of local economy.     

城市儿童空间设计中的认知科学

An important consideration in designing urban spaces for children is that it should aid children’s development and learning. An extensive literature from Cognitive Science has established that children’s social, cognitive, and motor development is promoted by various, wellresearched types of play. This article reviews the body of knowledge from Cognitive and Developmental Science concerning the benefits of play for learning and explains that it can and should be harnessed by urban designers. First, the review shows that different types of play confer different learning benefits. Urban space design that attempts to maximize learning from play should consider design’s affordance — what types of play are afforded by the design. Second, evidence from Cognitive Science show that children’s learning and exploration are fostered by challenge and ambiguity. Design that embraces these increases learning and creativity. Third, play is critical for children’s social learning, as it gives children the opportunity to practice social interaction. Urban design can catalyze social learning by creating spaces and structures that invite play among peers, as well as parent-child play. Beyond this theoretical review, this article also illustrates how to realistically implement these Cognitive Science-oriented urban design with an authentic case study.     

儿童友好型社区营造中的参与者社会网络构建与分析 —以湖南省长沙市育才第三小学"娃娃农园"营造实践为例

Introducing the case of the Kids’ Gardens in Yucai No. 3 Primary School in Changsha City, Hunan Province, this study established sociograms upon the contact-frequency-based network with UCINET to systematically analyze the characteristics of different participants in the process of the childfriendly community building and the varying pattern of all social relations, aiming at addressing problems emerging in public participation and multi-stakeholder collaboration in Chinese mainland. It was found that by bonding stakeholders including citizens, the government and party organizations, universities, and public institutions and enterprises, this practice encouraged the school — as a community — to leverage its internal resources. The school finally overcame the organizational inertia and achieved independent operation and growth during the process of community building. The study also demonstrated that the social network of participants was developed and defined with both independent and dependent modes from an overall perspective, of which the former characterized for its dominant internal ties and a dense tree-like hierarchical management structure might be more efficient. From a participant perspective, the brokerage roles in key nodes were critical to the community building. Finally, spatial design strategies, including enhancing the spatial affordance to serve diverse activities, space zoning and allocation, offering “half-done” spaces, and phased development, were provided for similar community building practice.     

目标成本下的基层成本核算与管理

针对全面预算管理体系在企业管理中的必要性 ,概述了基层成本核算管理的重要作用 ,结合实际工作经验 ,多渠道、全方位地提出了监控管理、降本增效的措施与办法。     

清东陵

~~清东陵@肖杰     

数据挖掘的工业标准的现状和展望

简单介绍了数据挖掘的基本内容和作用,回顾了数据挖掘在国内的应用和发展情况,提出了数据挖掘的行业标准问题及标准制定的重要性。鉴于国内的数据挖掘行业尚未有相关的行业标准,简单介绍了几个目前国外比较流行的标准(PMML,OLEDBDM,CRISP-DM等)及行业标准制定中有待完善和发展的方面。