基于UKF的SINS动基座传递对准研究

在非线性、非高斯条件下进行动基座传递对准,如果采用卡尔曼滤波器误差会比较大而且可能会存在发散的问题,为了解决问题,引入了无迹卡尔曼滤波UKF(unscented Kalman filter).使用确定性样本的方法米处理非线性的问题,使得采样点的均值和方差完全符合实际的非线性系统的均值和方差,解决了惯性导航系统动基座传递对准在正常工作时的基本条件.采用UKF和扩展卡尔曼滤波EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)的计算机仿真结果表明:UKF与EKF相比,精度提高了2倍,时间少了10秒.     

UKF联合滤波器在车辆定位系统中的应用

传统的应用于GPS/DR组合定位系统中的联合卡尔曼滤波器都是由扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)构成,而EKF具有滤波收敛速度慢、对系统模型误差和噪声统计特性的鲁棒性差和实际中难以实施等缺点,这些对联合卡尔曼滤波器的整体滤波性能和实用性都会产生不利影响.针对这一问题,通过用无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)来替代EKF构成一种新型的基于UKF的联合卡尔曼滤波器,并将这种联合滤波器应用于GPS/DR车辆组合定位系统中.通过详细的计算机仿真和分析后,结果表明与传统的基于EKF的联合卡尔曼滤波器相比 ,该联合卡尔曼滤波器的滤波精度、收敛速度、鲁棒性、实用性和可靠性都得到了很大的改善,满足了定位系统低成本和高精度的要求,具有一定的应用价值.     

对机动目标分布式多站无源定位与跟踪

无源探测定位技术是电子对抗中的一个重要的研究领域.提出一种基于信息融合的分布式多站无源定位跟踪算法.由相位差变化率实现定位,引入序贯反馈式UKF滤波算法,以提高单站的定位精度,用多站无源侦测设备对空中单个机动目标进行分布式跟踪融合.计算机仿真表明:进行跟踪融合后的定位精度比单个观测站的定位精度有了较大的提高.完全满足导弹攻击要求.     

一种高分辨距离像辅助的多目标跟踪算法

When the tracks of the multi-target get approached or crossed, it is easy to lead to combining or even to get wrong tracks for the traditional tracking methods, since the traditional methods only utilize the information on the target position to finish the data association. Aiming at this problem, a multi-target tracking algorithm aided by the high resolution range profile (HRRP) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the target attitude angle is estimated in real time on the principle that the HRRP is sensitive to the attitude angle. And then the attitude angle is added to the target measurement state to construct a multi-dimension correlating gate. The data association is accomplished with the multi-dimension information. So the problem of multi-target data association is simplified to multiple sub-problems of data association for a single target. Finally, each target motion state is estimated by the probabilistic data association-unscented Kalman filter (PDA-UKF). Simulation results reveal that the computing complexity is reduced, and that the correct probability of data association is improved by using the target HRRP on the one hand. On the other hand, the tracking accuracy is improved with the aid of the target attitude angle.     

一种不等式状态约束最优滤波算法

针对非线性系统中较难处理的不等式状态约束滤波问题,提出了一种新的约束无迹卡尔曼滤波算法.该算法利用最大似然法则推导出滤波均方误差函数,将不等式约束条件转化为惩罚函数加入到误差函数中,使用自适应步长法快速搜索最优解.通过理论分析,证明了约束滤波解是误差函数的严格局部最小值,具有最小滤波均方误差.对具有航路约束的电子导航模型进行了仿真,结果表明,该算法具有较高的跟踪精度.     

基于物理约束的运动重定向

研究了在人体动画中最有应用前景的运动捕捉技术的数据重用问题,提出了一种基于物理约束的重定向方法,以提高利用捕捉到的运动数据生成新的运动的水平。该方法采用位移映射技术规定目标运动的轨迹,保留原始运动的细节,然后结合无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法进行非线性约束的求解,保证了人物角色运动的物理真实性。通过实验分析可知,该方法在保留原始运动特性的前提下,可以生成自然的运动,加强了运动数据的重用性。     

UKF改进算法在组合导航INS误差校正中的应用

针对无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)算法与全球定位系统/惯性导航系统(Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System,GPS/INS)组合导航模型不匹配,且鲁棒性不足,难以适应INS 元件的随机性和突变性的问题,提出了一种UKF改进算法。该算法有效结合了混合滤波思想、平方根滤波技术及交互式多模型结构,分别克服了算法与线性/非线性模型不匹配,协方差矩阵非正定以及参数设置难以适应模型不确定性的问题。仿真实验分别考察了新算法在INS平台角初始大误差及加速度计零偏突变两种情况下的表现。实验表明,新算法在估计精度及鲁棒性方面比UKF有较大提高,能够有效校正INS元件产生的随机和突变误差。     

重力/地磁辅助的欧拉角无迹卡尔曼滤波姿态估计

为了克服应用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的姿态估计算法的线性化误差问题,提出了一种基于重力/地磁辅助的欧拉角无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)姿态估计算法来提升低成本微机电系统(MEMS)的姿态测量精度。应用重力与地磁数据抑制了MEMS姿态误差快速发散问题;将欧拉角作为状态,应用四元数完成时间更新过程中的姿态更新,避免了四元数作为状态的规范化问题及欧拉角姿态更新精度低的问题;由于UKF滤波器不存在线性化误差,故其具有更好的稳定性和姿态估计精度。应用实际MEMS数据开展的算法验证实验显示:与EKF姿态估计算法相比,提出的UKF姿态估计算法得到的俯仰与横滚角精度提高了近20%,航向角精度提高了12.1%。结果表明:本文提出算法的精度更高;然而由于UKF算法对状态协方差估计不足,其收敛时间有所增加。     

基于UKF的UWB和GPS融合定位算法

智能汽车的发展对高精度定位需求日益显现. 针对汽车在城市建筑群、立交桥等特定环境下, 可见GPS卫星数量下降、车载GPS和惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit, IMU)组合定位系统中IMU产生积累误差导致不能精确定位问题, 本文提出一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman ...     

A New Optimized Algorithm with Nonlinear Filter for Ultra-Tightly Coupled Integrated Navigation System of Land Vehicle

The extended particle filter (EPF) assisted by the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic adaptive system (FLAS) is used to design the ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS (inertial navigation system) integrated navigation, which can maneuver the vehicle environment and the GPS outages scenario. The traditional integrated navigation designs adopt a loosely or tightly coupled architecture, for which the GPS receiver may lose the lock due to the interference/jamming scenarios, high dynamic environments, and the periods of partial GPS shading. An ultra-tight GPS/INS architecture involves the integration of I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) components from the correlator of a GPS receiver with the INS data. The EPF is a particle filter (PF) which uses the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to generate the proposal distribution. The PF depends mostly on the number of particles in order to achieve a better performance during the high dynamic environments and GPS outages. The T-S FLAS is one of these approaches that can prevent the divergence problem of the filter when the precise knowledge on the system models is not available. The results show that the proposed fuzzy adaptive EPF (FAEPF) can effectively improve the navigation estimation accuracy and reduce the computational load as compared with the EPF and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF).