碳载PdPt催化剂的制备及对甲酸的电催化氧化性能

采用液相还原法制备了碳载PdPt催化剂(PdPt/C),电化学测试结果表明,尽管pd/C催化剂比PdPt/C催化剂对甲酸氧化具有更高的电催化活性,但长时间稳定性实验发现,甲酸在Pd/C催化剂上的氧化电流随时间衰减得很快,而PdPt/C催化剂对甲酸的氧化表现出更好的稳定性,比在Pd/C催化剂上有更高的稳定电流.     

卤代芳烃和苯硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应研究进展

Suzuki偶联反应是形成C-C键的有效方法之一,在天然产物合成和药物中间体合成中发挥着重要作用,近年来一直是有机化学和催化化学的研究热点.本文综述了最近几年来Suzuki偶联反应及其在有机合成中的应用研究进展,叙述了Suzuki偶联的原理,对以Pd、Ni、Cu及其它催化剂在Suzuki偶联反应中的应用进行了重点论述,...     

Pd/SiO2有机-无机薄膜的制备及其在N2气氛中的热稳定性

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在甲基化改性SiO2溶胶中掺杂PdCl2,制备Pd/SiO2有机-无机薄膜.通过XRD、红外光谱、TG-DTG分析、接触角以及SEM测试,考察该样品在N2气氛中的热稳定性.结果表明,Pd/SiO2膜材料经200℃以上温度焙烧后,样品中即出现了少量纳米金属Pd粒子,这些金属Pd为PdCl2还原所得.随着焙烧温度的升高,金属Pd粒子的衍射峰强度增加,膜材料中的Si-CH3吸收峰和Si-OH吸收峰减弱.样品中的Si-CH3吸收峰在750℃时完全消失.金属Pd的掺杂对SiO2膜材料的化学结构基本没影响.保持Pd/SiO2有机-无机薄膜及分离膜疏水性的最适宜焙烧温度为350℃.     

基于CPR1000项目核取样系统氢表的研究

通过对CPR1000项目核取样系统(REN)在线测量氢含量氢表的研究,剖析了该型氢表的结构及其测量过程,着重对测量原理进行了深入研究和理论公式的推导.为该类设备国产化提供了理论参考.     

Use of Polyaminocarboxylic Acids as Hydrophilic Masking Agents for Fission Products in Actinide Partitioning Processes

During the partitioning of trivalent actinides from High Active Raffinate (HAR) solutions, most processes have to cope with an undesirable co-extraction of some of the fission products. Four hydrophilic complexing agents of the group of polyaminocarboxylic acids, namely EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA, and CTDA were tested and compared for their ability to complex fission products in a simulated PUREX raffinate solution, thereby preventing their extraction into an organic solvent. Several solvents, based on TODGA and the DIAMEX reference molecule DMDOHEMA, that are commonly known to show quite high Zr and Pd co-extraction, were studied. Our investigations ultimately resulted in a substitution of oxalic acid and HEDTA by cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA). A small addition of this hydrophilic complexing agent to the feed decreased the distribution ratios of Zr from 100 to <0.01. The suppression of Pd was also very effective, resulting in >90% of the metal retained in the feed solution. The extraction of trivalent actinides and lanthanides was not negatively affected by the presence of CDTA. Furthermore, experiments with high concentrations of Zr proved the applicability of this new masking agent. The suppression of Zr and Pd extraction was also verified at a high Pu loading which makes CDTA as a masking agent attractive for grouped actinide extraction processes (GANEX) as well as DIAMEX-SANEX type separations.     

One-step electroless deposition of Pd/Pt bimetallic microstructures by galvanic replacement on copper substrate and investigation of its performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction

A facile and one-step method for fabrication of Pd/Pt bimetallic microstructure using galvanic replacement reaction is presented. This electroless deposition was performed without any additive reagent via simple immersion of the copper sheet in cation aqueous solution of Pd and Pt. The as-prepared electrode was characterized by using the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry and tested for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the acidic media. Comparison of the HER on the Pd/Pt bimetallic catalysts with different Pd:Pt percentage compositions indicated that the Pd₆₀Pt₄₀ catalyst had the highest HER activity among all the Pd/Pt catalysts and a better performance than the pure Pt. The effects of galvanic replacement time and concentration of H₂SO₄ on the catalytic activity of as-prepared electrode for HER were comparatively investigated.     

Color improvment of C9 hydrocarbon resin by hydrogenation over 2% Pd/γ‐alumina catalyst: Effect of degree of aromatic rings hydrogenation

Color improvement of commercial C₉ hydrocarbon resin (c‐C₉HR) and prepared C₉ hydrocarbon resin (p‐C₉HR) has been investigated under various hydrogenation conditions over 2% Pd/γ‐alumina catalysts. The degrees of aromatic rings hydrogenation (DHs) and molecular structure of resin were determined from nuclear magnetic resonance of ¹H and ¹³C (¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The starting c‐C₉HR presented in yellow color (Gardner color No. 8.4). Under the hydrogenation conditions used (H₂ pressure 70 bar, 250°C, and 8 h), the ethylenic proton in c‐C₉HR was completely removed, but the aromatic rings content remained unaltered and very little change in resin color was observed (Gardner color No.8.1). On the other hand, the starting p‐C₉HR contained only unsaturated aromatic proton with Gardner color No.17.1. Under similar conditions, aromatic rings in p‐C₉HR were converted to alicyclic rings, and its color was reduced to Gardner color No.5.7. By varying the DH of aromatics in p‐C₉HR, two‐step decolorization was observed in which at lower DH (≤10%) the color decreased sharply from 17.1 to 9.3, while further color reduction to 5.7 was obtained when the DH was increased to 94%. It is suggested that both color body and aromatic rings were the main sources contributing to C₉HR color. Nevertheless, color stability of the resin during heat treatment was significantly improved by hydrogenation especially at DH ≥ 50%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Electromagnetic interference shielding,mechanical properties and water absorption of copper/bamboo fabric (Cu/BF) composites

Copper/bamboo fabric (Cu/BF) composites were prepared by electroless deposition via a tin-free process. The process involved 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane modification, noble metal (Au or Pd) activation and electroless copper planting of BF. The copper deposition rate via Pd catalytic process was 1.01 mg/cm² h, higher than that by Au catalytic process (0.85 mg/cm² h). The microstructure of Cu/BF composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the copper coatings were composed of ball-shaped copper particles. The composition and chemical state of copper layers were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, Cu⁰ was detected but copper dioxide was not found in both spectra. The electromagnetic interference, water absorption, mechanical tension, conductivity and adhesion properties of Cu/BF samples (weight ratio of Cu/BF: 0.36 ± 0.01) were measured to obtain the qualities of the composites.     

Autothermal steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production over packed-bed and Pd/Ag alloy membrane reactors

In this study, glycerol, with its high H/C ratio feature, was steam reformed with oxygen to produce hydrogen in packed-bed and Pd/Ag membrane reactors. The addition of oxygen, which causes the partial oxidation, was to achieve thermal neutral for the energy saving purposes.     

Controlled synthesis and properties of palladium nanoparticles

In our research, the preparation processes of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) with different methods by adding a certain amount of silver nitrate, iron chloride or sodium iodide are presented in order to control their size and morphology. Various sizes and shapes of Pd NPs are observed by alcohol reduction. The results show the size and morphology control of Pd NPs with chemical reductions of Pd salts by ethanol and ethylene glycol (EG) that have very different reduction processes. The modified polyol method with the gradual addition of Pd and polyvinylpyrollidone precursors in EG at 160°C has led to control their size and morphology in the 10?nm range using 0.02?M AgNO₃. It is observed that the Pd nanorod is also formed. The main factors that will control the shapes of Pd NPs have been presented to explain their growth and formation mechanisms in a control process.