Catalytic co-pyrolysis of packaging plastic and wood waste to achieve H2 rich syngas

In this work, the co-pyrolysis of pine sawdust and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was performed in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor to achieve hydrogen-rich syngas and to investigate the effect of the parameters on gas yield and composition. Gas chromatography was used to confirm the content of the gas products. The pyrolysis was supported with Ni (in 5-25 wt%) loaded on activated carbon (AC). The maximum hydrogen concentration was 392.8 mmol g⁻¹ sample, which was achieved by the use of the 10% Ni-AC catalyst. The influence of Ni loading on supporter was investigated by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope techniques besides the thermogravity analysis. The increasing size of the Ni particles can be observed as a function of the Ni concentration on the catalyst. Carbon deposition was detected and the amorphous carbon seems more dominant than filamentous form. In addition, the effect of fluid residence time (water inlet and purge gas) on syngas yield was studied. Three different fluid residence times were investigated, and among them, the highest hydrogen yield was 392.8 mmol g⁻¹sample at 1.57 minutes residence time. Furthermore, the catalyst lifetime was studied using 10 wt% of Ni containing AC, and the average hydrogen concentration was 196.0 mmol g⁻¹ sample over 15 cycles.     

宁东红石湾煤与生物质共热解协同机制

以宁东红石湾煤(HSW)与宁夏主要的生物质玉米秸秆(SWZ)作为原料进行共热解实验，通过热重分析发现，随着样品中生物质质量分数的提高，混合物样品的质量损失率逐渐增大。建立了HSW与SWZ共热解的单一反应动力学模型，计算了共热解动力学参数，各热解阶段的活化能为3~68 kJ/mol，SWZ的加入降低了反应的活化能，有利于HSW的热解。利用固定床热解实验装置，考察了不同的生物质掺混比、不同热解终温条件下HSW与SWZ共热解过程中产物的分布。当生物质掺混比由25%增至75%时，液体产物收率可由137%最大增至269%，气体产物收率可由285%最大增至401%。结果表明，共热解过程中SWZ与HSW有协同作用。     

石脑油和轻烃资源裂解方式优选研究

由于我国轻烃资源缺乏,而石脑油资源相对丰富,考虑将其掺入石脑油进行共裂解。在实验室裂解装置上对油田轻烃、拔头油的分组裂解以及与石脑油共裂解的产物收率变化进行了研究,得出油田轻烃、拔头油的分组裂解优于与石脑油共裂解,因此探讨了拔头油与油田轻烃共裂解的可行性,提出在原料短缺的情况下,可根据"性质相近"的原则进行共裂解,即可将油田轻烃与拔头油掺混进行共裂解。同时在工业裂解炉上进行了拔头油与石脑油共裂解标定试验,得出的结论与实验室结论一致。     

Flash co-pyrolysis of biomass with polyhydroxybutyrate: Part 1. Influence on bio-oil yield, water content, heating value and the production of chemicals

Bio-oil obtained via flash pyrolysis shows potential to be applied as a renewable fuel. However, bio-oil often contains high amounts of water, which is a major drawback for its application. The influence of a biopolymer - polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) on the pyrolysis of willow is investigated using a semi-continuous home-built pyrolysis reactor. The flash co-pyrolysis of willow/PHB blends (w/w ratio 7:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1) clearly shows particular merits: a synergetic increase in pyrolysis yield, a synergetic reduction of the water content in bio-oil, an increase in heating value, and a production of easily separable chemicals. The occurrence of synergetic interactions is observed based on a comparison between the actual pyrolysis results of the willow/PHB blends, the theoretical pyrolysis results calculated from the reference pyrolysis experiments (pure willow and pure PHB) and their respective w/w ratio. The co-pyrolysis of 1:1 willow/PHB shows the best overall results.     

碳四-轻烃共裂解多产低碳烯烃研究

针对低碳烯烃装置原料紧张和炼油厂（简称炼厂）碳四产品过剩的问题,利用KSPA装置对炼厂碳四—轻烃在裂解炉中的共裂解状况进行考察;探索炼厂碳四用作蒸汽裂解原料的可行性,确定了炼厂碳四—轻烃共裂解过程中炼厂碳四的最佳加入量。从炼厂碳四单独裂解和共裂解的目的产物收率的对比分析可看出：炼厂碳四—轻烃共裂解,乙烯、三烯收率有较大的提高,济效益显著。     

废轮胎热解催化剂的研究初探

综述了国内外废轮胎热解催化剂的研究现状,讨论了废轮胎热解用催化剂及其对废轮胎热解反应的影响,介绍了废轮胎与生物质在催化剂存在时的共热解技术,并对催化反应机理进行了论述。指出了当前废轮胎催化热解研究和应用中存在的催化剂分离、结焦等问题,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

生物质与煤共热解研究现状

综述了近年来国内外煤与生物质共热解的研究现状。当生物质与煤共热解过程中存在协同反应时,能够将生物质中的氢有效地转移到煤热解过程中,改善煤热解过程中产物的性质,提高煤的热解效率。后续对生物质与煤共热解的研究可以考虑适当的方法,如添加合适的催化剂等来促进协同反应的发生。     

稻草和废塑料的热解性能研究

考察了稻草和废塑料在不同温度下单独热解时的气、液相收率,并将它们按不同比例混合,进行了稻草与废塑料的共热解性能实验研究。结果表明,稻草热解过程中添加少量废塑料(塑料与稻草质量比低于4∶10)可以增加气体产物的收率,并且随着废塑料添加比例的增加,热解气中CO2的含量明显下降,CH4与不饱和烃的含量有所增加,这有利于提高热解气中可燃气体的收率,增加经济效益,为实现废塑料的回收增值利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

砷酸钙与碳粉混合共热解过程解析

研究了砷酸钙与碳粉体系共热解反应过程。利用热重分析仪监测不同升温速率下,砷酸钙与碳粉质量比为4∶1混合物在氩气气氛、加热区间温度30～1 200℃过程中的失重情况,并采用XRD表征各失重阶段残余物。结果表明,混合体系失重过程分为三个阶段:第一失重阶段,温度240～325℃,Ca_2As_2O_7·H_2O脱水生成Ca_2As_2O_7;第二失重阶段,温度560～668℃,Ca_2As_5O_7到Ca_3(AsO_4)_2的晶型转变及Ca_5(AsO_4)_3OH和Ca(OH)_2失水生成Ca_5(AsO_4)_3和CaO;第三失重阶段,温度904～1 120℃,碳还原砷酸钙反应生成CaO和砷蒸气。动力学模型拟合结果表明:相边界反应动力学模型能较好地解释砷酸钙与碳粉共热解第三个失重阶段的反应机制。     

混合废塑料与煤共热解过程中氯的释放特性和机理

研究了煤与废塑料共热解过程中氯的释放特性以及不同热解条件下焦炭的产率.结果表明，氯的释放率及焦炭产率与热解温度、废塑料的加入量、恒温时间有关.通过和煤与PVC共热解氯的释放特性进行比较，分析了这些因素的影响趋势，并对这种特性的产生机理进行了探索，提出了表观动力学方程.实验结果显示，在废塑料加入量较大时（如4%），即使高温热解焦碳中氯的残留量也比较高（0.079%），但增加恒温时间可以使残留量继续降低，即控制恒温时间能够控制氯在焦炭中的残留量.