Longitudinal surface cracks of thin slabs

Based on the production practice of medium carbon thin slabs in the CSP plant,the reasons and influencing factors for the formation of longitudinal cracks were investigated,and some industrial measures were taken to eliminate the cracks.The results show that the efficient solutions to reduce longitudinal cracks are improving the performance of the mold powder,stabilizing the mold heat flux,and maintaining a proper taper of the mold during casting.Proper pouring temperature and secondary cooling also play...     

Mechanism of Mechanical Strength Increase of Soda–Lime Glass by Aging

Two models have been proposed to explain the mechanical strength increase of abraded or indented soda–lime glasses upon aging, namely, crack tip blunting and the release of residual tensile stress near the crack tip. To clarify the mechanism, the time dependence of the strengthening of an abraded soda–lime glass was investigated. Effects of aging media, such as moist air, distilled water, 1 N HCI and 1 N NaOH solutions, as well as the abrasion flaw depth, were determined. The strength increase rate in water of abraded soda–lime glass was compared with those of borosilicate and high-silica glasses. The effect of stressing during aging was also investigated. It was found that the rate of strength increase was faster with decreasing abrasion flaw depth and with decreasing chemical durability. For a given flaw depth, an acidic solution produced the fastest strengthening. The strengthening rate was found to accelerate because of the "coaxing'effect of stressing during aging. From these observations, it was concluded that the strengthening rates relate to the diffusion process and chemical reactions, especially the alkali–hydrogen (or hydronium) ion-exchange reaction, near the crack tip. The role of the residual tensile stress appears to be similar to that of the applied tensile stress, helping the diffusion process near the crack tip. The observed strength increase of soda–lime glass by aging was thus attributed to the effective blunting of the crack tip geometry by the glass–water reaction.     

带裂缝混凝土氯离子扩散作用试验研究及数值模拟

为了准确评估带裂缝工作混凝土结构的耐久性能,针对氯离子在带裂缝混凝土中的扩散过程进行研究。提出了无损制备裂缝的方法,可高效易行地在混凝土侧面及内部产生裂缝。对带裂缝的水泥砂浆试件进行氯盐溶液浸泡试验,深入研究了单缝和双缝试件中氯离子的扩散作用,修正了氯离子的扩散系数,并对带裂缝混凝土的氯离子扩散过程进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明：氯离子会沿裂缝发展方向及垂直于裂缝发展方向扩散,随着水灰比的减小,砂浆试件的抗氯离子扩散性能明显提高,在一定范围内,当裂缝间距增大,双缝间的氯离子扩散交互影响作用明显减小,ANSYS软件的模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好。     

熔石英元件抛光加工表面残余应力的计算方法

为解决传统检测方法无法直接定量检测非晶体熔石英玻璃表面残余应力的问题,基于脆性固体断裂力学理论,推导残余应力的理论计算公式,提出光学元件抛光加工表面残余应力计算新方法.采用尖锐压头进行纳米印压实验,提取压痕过程中对残余应力敏感的参数,并对实验数据进行线性拟合,确定拟合线的斜率,通过测量残余应力引起其他物理参数的变化计算残余应力.对比分析结果表明,计算得到残余应力值与应力双折射仪检测得到的数据基本吻合,验证了提出残余应力计算方法的正确性.     

大理岩细观破坏行为的量化分析

对选自四川镜屏二级水电站的大理岩进行带有加载装置的扫描电镜(SEM)细观损伤破坏过程的动态试验.获取试验过程中裂纹生长发育的相关图片,并进行图像处理、分析、可视化和算法开发的研究,获取岩石损伤破坏的过程中的重要参数(长度、面积、角度等),进行损伤破坏特性的量化分析.研究结果表明,加载过程中,长度、方位角、面积等细观结构参数服从一定的分布规律和演化规律;加载过程中分叉裂纹极其发育,加载后期裂纹扩展迅速,最终形成剪切破坏面.     

直齿轮精密塑性成形时齿面裂纹的产生机理及控制方法

本文通过对内齿轮缩挤成形工艺的有限元模拟 ,分析了直齿轮成形时齿面裂纹的产生机理 ,并从理论上进行了解释 ,进而提出了防止齿面裂纹产生的方法     

Relation between impurities and oxide-scale growth mechanisms on Ni-34Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys. II. Influence of sulphur

The oxidation of presulphidized Ni-Cr alloys has been studied by taking into account the influence of the two distinct oxidation mechanisms described in part I of this article. Sulphur enters the Cr₂O₃ scale (in Ni-34Cr alloys) mainly as S^2– species, which at high temperatures increases the V_Cr content, and hence the oxidation kinetics. Sulphur is randomly distributed in the scale, except at the inner oxide-alloy interface, where intergranular microsulphides are analyzed in the oxide-scale zone. In the case of NiO, NiCr₂O₄, Cr₂O₃ oxide multilayers (in a Ni-20Cr alloy), sulphur in the S^2– state is distributed in the oxide layers or at Si-precipitate interfaces. Such a distribution leads to crack formation, especially during cooling.     

提高5005合金铸轧产品质量的有效途径

熔体质量和工艺裂边是影响5005合金铸轧产品质量的重要因素之一。分析了5005合金熔体气、渣来源,阐明了熔体精炼机制,通过工艺优化,使熔体中氢含量降至0.12 mL/(100 g Al);同时,通过调整铸轧区长度、改进铸嘴耳子结构,使5005合金铸轧带材的裂边减至7.5 mm左右。铸轧带材的产品质量明显提高。     

X70管线钢焊接性分析

针对管道建设中日益广泛采用的X70管线钢，分析了其碳当量与冷、热裂纹敏感性问题，探讨了防止X70管线钢产生冷裂纹的工艺措施，计算了不同板厚X70管线钢的预热温度，为实际的管道建设提供了理论依据与工程指导。     

5083铝合金大规格扁锭熔铸工艺研究

分析了5083铝合金440 mm×1 500 mm规格扁锭的熔铸工艺特点,试验了不同铸造工艺参数对铸造性能的影响。重点分析了铸锭裂纹倾向及预防措施。