SH波作用下圆形衬砌与直线形裂纹的相互作用

研究SH波入射情况下圆形衬砌结构与直线形裂纹的相互作用问题.在含有圆形衬砌弹性空间上,考虑仅含衬砌结构的情况,求出应力,取时间谐和的出平面线源载荷作用时的位移函数基本解作为Green函数,利用裂纹的"人工切割",在裂纹实际存在区域加置与所求应力大小相等、方向相反的应力,从而构造出裂纹.文中给出圆形衬砌与裂纹同时存在情况下的位移、应力表达式,求解衬砌边的动应力集中问题.最后利用算例讨论裂纹对衬砌结构的动应力集中系数的影响.     

蒸汽发生器传热管裂纹断口电子金相分析

为了判断某蒸汽发生器传热管的开裂性质和影响因素,用电子显微镜对该蒸汽发生器传热管管束裂纹进行断口电子金相分析.通过对管束大量电子断口的观察分析,证明了断口为准解理断裂,具有河流花样的特征.根据电子衍射和电子探针对管束断口腐蚀产物和夹杂物的分析计算,确定了腐蚀产物和夹杂物的成分.由断口形貌特征及对比试验可以确认该蒸汽发生器传热管管束发生应力腐蚀开裂,是一种脆性的穿晶断裂.     

基于边界采样的曲面裂缝处理算法的几何原理

为了避免曲面在非均匀细分过程中产生裂缝,提出了一种基于边界采样的曲面裂缝处理方法.该方法结合曲面在参数空间上递归细分和沿曲面上曲线采样,在曲面初始化的基础上,对所有细分单元进行边界采样,构造自适应多边形来近似曲面上的曲线.再根据边界曲线的曲率,对每一个细分单元进行平坦性检测.通过构造内部边来细分每一个不能通过平坦性准则检测的单元,可有效避免近似曲面产生裂缝.     

Competitive effects of free volume,rigidity, and self-adaptivity on indentation response of silicoaluminoborate glasses

Lithium aluminoborate glasses have recently been found to feature high resistance to crack initiation during indentation, but suffer from relatively low hardness and chemical durability. To further understand the mechanical properties of this glass family and their correlation with the network structure, we here study the effect of adding SiO₂ to a 25Li₂O–20Al₂O₃–55B₂O₃ glass on the structure and mechanical properties. Addition of silica increases the average network rigidity, but meanwhile its open tetrahedral structure decreases the atomic packing density. Consequently, we only observe a minor increase in hardness and glass transition temperature, and a decrease in Poisson's ratio. The addition of SiO₂, and thus removal of Al₂O₃ and/or B₂O₃, also makes the network less structurally adaptive to applied stress, since Al and B easily increase their coordination number under pressure, while this is not the case for Si under modest pressures. As such, although the silica-containing networks have more free volume, they cannot densify more during indentation, which in turn leads to an overall decrease in crack resistance upon SiO₂ addition. Our work shows that, although pure silica glass has very high glass transition temperature and relatively high hardness, its addition in oxide glasses does not necessarily lead to significant increase in these properties due to the complex structural interactions in mixed network former glasses and the competitive effects of free volume and network rigidity.     

Indentation cracking and deformation mechanism of sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses

Developing less brittle oxide glasses is a grand challenge in the field of glass science and technology, as it would pave the way toward new glass applications and limit the overall raw material usage and energy consumption. However, in order to achieve this goal, more insight into the correlation between the chemical composition and material properties is required. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of quaternary sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses, wherein systematic changes in glass chemistry yield different resistances to indentation crack initiation. We discuss the origin of the composition dependence of indentation cracking based on an evaluation of the deformation mechanism taking place during the indentation event. To this end, we use a simple metric, the extent of indent side length recovery upon annealing, to quantify the extent of reversible volume deformation. Finally, we also compare the compositional trend in crack initiation resistance to that in crack growth resistance (fracture toughness), showing no simple correlation among the two.     

A critical evaluation of indentation crack lengths in air

An extensive overview is presented of Vickers indentation crack lengths in ceramics in air. Measurement of such crack lengths is one of the most common and powerful assessments of the fracture properties of ceramics and the overview provides a critical evaluation of observed behavior as functions of material type and indentation load, and an extensive basis for comparison of results from new materials and analyses. The overview considers single crystals, polycrystals, transforming materials, glasses, and multiphase materials, including cermets, glass-ceramics, and tooth enamel. The coverage extends over structural and electronic ceramics, including oxides, carbides, nitrides, and titanates. The data are presented in a single format for ease of interpretation in terms of idealized indentation fracture and for inter-material comparisons; most data are unique to this work, but the results of selected studies from the published literature are included. The overview considers the precision and accuracy of crack length measurements and demonstrates a simple quantitative evaluation and ranking scheme for ceramic fracture based on load-adjusted crack length and cracking susceptibility. Indentation hardness and cracking threshold are also determined and related to the susceptibility. Material toughness is related to cracking susceptibility by fracture mechanics analyses: typical crack length measurements in air are shown to provide estimates of inert toughness with a relative uncertainty of ±50%.     

煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采技术的研究与应用

放顶煤开采期间,上覆岩层受到矿压的影响,形成冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲下沉带,工作面采空区遗煤和围岩涌出的大量瓦斯飘浮在上方裂隙带区域,造成瓦斯聚集并向外涌出,形成了安全隐患,因此必须将该区域瓦斯抽出来;以往治理采空区瓦斯主要采用顶板裂隙高位钻场、顶板高抽巷等措施,但是这2种方法施工成本较高,且施工周期长,对生产接替影响较大。煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采采用大功率钻机+定向钻进技术,在裂隙带施工控制整个回采范围的长钻孔,减少采空区和邻近层瓦斯向工作面空间的流动,真正实现了“以孔代巷”,既节省了成本,又缩短了工期,还提高了采空区瓦斯抽采的连续性、稳定性,减少了采空区瓦斯向外涌出,提升了瓦斯抽采效果,促进了煤矿安全高效发展。     

Crack-Healing Behavior of Si3N4/SiC Ceramics under Cyclic Stress and Resultant Fatigue Strength at the Healing Temperature

Si₃N₄/SiC composite ceramics were sintered and subjected to three-point bending. A semi-elliptical surface crack of 100 μm surface length was made on each specimen. The crack-healing behavior under cyclic stress of 5 Hz, and resultant cyclic fatigue strengths at healing temperatures of 1100° and 1200°C, were systematically investigated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Si₃N₄/SiC composite ceramics have an excellent ability to heal a crack at 1100° and 1200°C. (2) This sample could heal a crack even under cyclic stress at a frequency of 5 Hz. (3) The crack-healed sample exhibited quite high cyclic fatigue strength at each crack-healing temperature, 1100° and 1200°C.     

压力容器钢厚焊件的温度分布及裂纹生成特性

碳钢板和不锈钢板广泛地用于制作压力容器及部件,均采用多道焊接的方法来连接这些厚钢板。近年来,国外在经领域开展了大量的实验研究,该文重点研讨厚焊件的温度的裂纹的生成与特性。     

50 m预应力混凝土T梁裂缝成因分析

通过分析桥梁混凝土裂缝产生的原因，并结合工程实例具体分析了影响混凝土梁产生裂缝的一些因素，提出了控制裂缝发生的措施，从而提高混凝土强度和结构物的耐久性。