含砷难处理金精矿的催化氧化酸浸（COAL）新工艺开发

介绍了催化氧化酸浸（COAL）新工艺开发及产业化的情况,该工艺可以在100 ℃及0.4 MPa氧分压条件下对含砷金矿进行处理,金和银的回收率都可达到92%～96%。较低的工业压力和温度使设备简单、易于开工,基建投资和维修操作费用均较传统加压浸出工艺明显降低。在小型试验基础上,开发出100 m3加压浸出反应釜,并在招远金矿建成了100 t/d的工业试验及生产厂,工业试验证实金和银回收率分别为 93%～95%和 92%～96%,与小型试验结果一致。在操作参数及设备形式调整后,本工艺亦可适用于高砷高碳金精矿的处理。     

超声波对铅膏湿法转化产物结晶形貌的影响

通过柠檬酸湿法工艺处理废旧铅酸蓄电池铅膏,浸出转化得到的前体柠檬酸铅结晶产物粒度较小,不易过滤。通过超声波的方式对柠檬酸铅的结晶过程加以控制,对处理前后的样品进行XRD、TG-DTA和SEM表征,对比超声波处理前后的柠檬酸铅晶体形貌变化。结果表明,经过超声波处理后,柠檬酸铅晶体由薄片状转变为长径比约为8∶1的柱状,柱状晶体长20～50 μm,超声波处理前柠檬酸铅晶体的粒度均小于5 μm。因此,超声波处理能够有效调控柠檬酸铅晶体的结晶形貌,改善柠檬酸铅前体的过滤性能,提高铅膏湿法转化的效率。     

Ligand selection for complex-leaching valuable metals in hydrometallurgy

A two-stage ligand selection method composed of a primary selection and a critical selection,for complex-leaching valuable metals was presented.At the primary selection stage,three conditions were discussed under a supposed ideal state by mathematical derivation.Generally,ligands selected under condition Ⅰwere easier for complex-leaching valuable metals than that under conditionⅡ,however,under conditionⅢ,ligands selected were hard to complex-leaching the valuable metals.Ligands that were out of these three conditions could be disposed directly.In critical selection,ligands selected in primary selection can be finalized.Case applications were provided for verifying the method.The application indicated that iminodiacetate(Ida2-)can be used as a complex agent for complex-leaching smithsonite(ZnCO3);the leaching condition should be controlled with pH 8-11;the relative error of the minimum consumption of Ida2-between the predicted and the calculated results is 5.3%.The results indicate that the theoretical derivations in the ideal state are reliable,and the method for ligand selection is practical and operable.     

Effect of water on behaviour of Na2B4O7·5H2O and Na2B4O7 in HCl-CH3OH medium

The reactivity of Na₂B₄O₇·5H₂O and Na₂B₄O₇ in non-aqueous HCl-CH₃OH solvent system was investigated. The effects of H₂O, CH₃OH/B mole ratio and reaction time on the reaction at room temperature were examined. Experimental results show that when Na₂B₄O₇·5H₂O and Na₂B₄O₇ are the reactants, the dissolved B₂O₃ contents are observed to be 98.2% and 99%, respectively, in 5 min at the CH₃OH/B mole ratio of 4. The decrease of water in the reaction medium was observed to increase the crystallization of NaCl in the order of Na₂B₄O₇2B₄O₇·5H₂O. It was also observed that the boron solution obtained after the reaction could be hydrolyzed by the addition of H₃BO₃. The results show that HCl-CH₃OH system is a more effective solvent compared to H₂SO₄-CH₃OH both in the reactivity and the shortened reaction time.     

低分子碳氢化合物分离锰银氧化矿工艺研究

研究了低分子碳氢化合物分离锰银氧化矿工艺原理及主要影响因素,当控制锰浸出率96%时,银的浸出损失率小于2%;浸锰渣采用氰化法提银,NaCN用量1 kg/t渣、浸出时间3 h时,银浸出率大于93.41%;浸锰-氰化两步浸出银的回收率大于91.54%;锰与银被有效分离.     

pH值与温度对氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe2+影响的研究

采用自行采集的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(T f)应用于地浸矿山代替双氧水作氧化剂氧化吸附尾液中的Fe²⁺, 研究了温度、pH 值对其氧化Fe²⁺的影响。研究结果表明, T f 氧化Fe²⁺最适宜的温度为30 ℃, 当温度低于7 ℃或高于50 ℃时, 氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe²⁺速度很慢;T f 氧化Fe²⁺最适宜的pH 为2.0～2.5 。     

地球化学软件PHREEQC在湿法冶金计算热力学中的应用

以加氢脱硫废催化剂中复合氧化物NiMoO4的酸碱水溶液稳定性为例, 采用PHREEQC软件进行了水溶液热力学模拟计算, 介绍了PHREEQC软件的计算过程、计算原理、计算步骤及结果分析, 并与传统手工算法进行了简单对比。相对于传统手工数学计算方法, PHREEQC具有计算效率高、简单灵活、可解决极复杂多元多相热力学问题等优点, 对湿法冶金热力学分析有很大帮助, 值得在湿法冶金热力学研究方面推广应用。     

新型胺类萃取剂N1633萃取钨的研究

采用自制的胺类萃取剂N1633作萃取剂, 考察了其在钨萃取冶金中的性能。当有机相组成为40%N1633+40%异辛醇+磺化煤油(体积比), 在pH=8.27、相比(O/A)为1∶1、振荡时间10 min、萃取温度25 ℃时, 对WO₃含量116.25 g/L的钨酸钠溶液进行萃取, 单级萃取率大于99%。绘制了N1633的萃取等温线, 经过三级萃取饱和容量达到109.03 g/L。用2.5 mol/L的氨水对负载有机相进行反萃, 相比2.5∶1时, 反萃液中WO3浓度达到174.31 g/L。绘制了负载有机相的反萃等温线, 理论上以相比1.25∶1进行四级逆流萃取可将有机相中的钨基本反萃, 反萃液中WO₃的饱和反萃浓度达到202.82 g/L。采用0.6 mol/L的硫酸以相比2∶1进行酸化再生后, N1633仍具有良好的萃取性能。     

粗铜冶炼电收尘烟灰的湿法处理

粗铜冶炼电收尘烟灰按原理设计经过配料、湿捏，返回炼铜炉熔炼，不仅不经济，也给炼铜生产带来危害。本文寻求水浸处理该烟灰的湿法封闭流程，既可合理回收烟灰中有价金属，做到无废水排放，又能在低投资下获得明显经济效益。     

基于PLS-LSSVM方法的湿法炼锌过程预测建模

在湿法炼锌过程中,沉铁工序具有流程长、化学反应耦合强和物理沉降过程复杂的特点.针对这一特点,提出基于PLS-LSSVM的预测建模方法.PLS能有效处理复杂冶金生产过程中的非线性、多输入和数据相关性等特性.同时,针对建模过程中LS-SVM两个重要参数的优化选择,提出免疫文化差分进化算法.仿真结果表明,本文提出的基于PLS-LSSVM的预测模型能取得较好的预测结果,为解决沉铁过程铁渣品位实时检测提供了一种有效可行的方法.