过氧化氢分光光度法测定湿法提钒工艺中钒

为了提高湿法提钒工艺过程控制效率,采用以过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺)显色特性为基础的过氧化氢分光光度法测定钒含量,实现了样品中钒含量的现场快速测定。首先通过在试样溶液中加入适量氢氧化钠溶液,调整溶液pH值至9～10,然后加入过氧化氢将低价态钒全部氧化至钒(V),再加入硫酸调整溶液至酸性,钒(V)与过氧化氢在室温下形成稳定的红棕色过氧钒离子(VO(O₂)⁺),于450 nm处测定吸光度。钒质量浓度在2.0~400 mg/L内与吸光度值符合比尔定律。采用实验方法测定3种湿法冶金提钒液体试样(包括钒浸取溶液、钒盐沉淀后溶液以及废水等)中钒,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.38%、3.5%和7.6%;与高锰酸钾氧化-硫酸亚铁铵滴定法结果相一致。     

常规两段浸出法提高锌焙烧矿中铜回收率的研究

分析了不同湿法炼锌工艺锌焙烧矿中回收铜的工艺,发现各工艺都存在不同的工艺缺点。借鉴国内锌冶炼企业开展的常规两段浸出法提高铜回收率的生产经验,进行了锌焙烧矿中铜、铁、硅的浸出机理研究,并且根据该机理提出了常规两段浸出法的改进工艺流程,按照该工艺流程开展了试验研究,将铜的回收率提高到了76.41%。     

Copper hydrometallurgy-current status,preliminary economics,future direction and positioning versus smelting

The heap leaching of oxide copper ores with copper cathode recovery by solvent extraction and electrowinning is now well established as a low-cost method of copper recovery. This technology has recently been applied successfully to mixed oxide and chalcocite ores, notably in Chile at Cerro Colorado, Quebrada Blanca and Zaldivar.Currently, there are significant development efforts underway to try to extend heap leaching to chalcopyrite ores.The success of heap leaching/SX/EW has also led to a revival in the development of hydrometallurgical processes to recover copper from chalcopyrite and other copper concentrates. The current status of copper hydrometallurgy is reviewed and the most commercially attractive potential applications are explored. The advantages and disadvantages of the hydrometallurgical treatment of chalcopyrite concentrates and its preliminary economics are compared with those for the current best practices in copper smelting and refining.     

锗在湿法炼锌系统的分布及行为

文中指出了锗在湿法炼锌系统走向;说明了锗在湿法炼锌系统分布及行为;重点对浸出阶段最佳除锗条件、锗对电解工序的危害以及几种富集回收锗工艺做了叙述;强调了生产中应注意几点事项.     

Recycle use of phosphorous mixer extractant to extract indium

The stripping and regeneration of the loaded organic phase of phosphorous mixer extractant (PPD) were studied. The mixed solutions (3 niol/L HC1 +2 mol/L ZnCl2) were used as the stripping agent and more than 99% of indium can be stripped after three-stage stripping when the volume ratio of organic phase to stripping agent is 1:1. The organic phase can be recycled to use after regeneration with HC1. The parallel contrast experiments with D2EHPA (di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid) were carried out under the same conditions. The results show that the mixer extractant has good reusability and the stripping and regeneration of PPD are superior to those of DJ3HPA.     

基于改进即时学习算法的湿法冶金浸出过程建模

针对湿法冶金浸出过程中存在的多变量、非线性和多工况等问题,采用基于即时学习算法的最小二乘支持向量机建立浸出率的预测模型。将时间有序性引入到即时学习算法学习集的选取规则中以确定系统当前工作点的建模邻域,从而提高模型精度;引入累计相似因子以提高所建模型的实时性,并利用自适应相似度阈值来判定是否需要重新建立当前工作点的局部模型。将改进的建模方法应用到湿法冶金浸出过程浸出率的预测中,仿真结果表明,所建模型具有较高的精度和实时性,可用于湿法冶金工业生产过程。     

湿法炼锌铁钒除铁工艺管路结晶的机理探讨

通过对湿法炼锌过程所涉及的三元体系M_2SO_4-ZnSO_4-H_2O(M=K,Na,NH4)溶解度相图的比较研究,发现在上述三元体系中,在一般的冶炼工艺条件下,复盐(如(NH_4)_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·6H_2O(s)、Na_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·4H_2O(s)、K_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·6H_2O(s)远比单盐(如ZnSO_4·7H_2O(s)、Na_2SO_4(s)、K_2SO_4(s))要容易析出得多。这些复盐在溶液中的溶解度均随着温度的降低而降低,是管路结晶的主要诱因。溶解度较小的((NH_4)_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·6H_2O(s)生成是导致黄铵铁钒除铁过程管路易结晶堵塞的主因。     

Mathematical modelling of the transient behaviour of cstrs with reactive particulates: Part 2 — Application to pyrite pressure oxidation

A population balance based transient reactor model is applied to a particulate process employed in the hydrometallurgical industry. The process is the pressure oxidation of pyritic concentrates, pertinent to the treatment of refractory gold materials. The chemical reaction system involves first an oxygen gas to aqueous mass transfer step, followed by a chemical reaction on the surface of mineral particles. The chemical reactor stimulated is a multi-stage continuous autoclave with variable compartment size. The model accounts for recycling oxidized solids, as well as for venting the gas phase. A complex system of partial and non-linear ordinary differential equations is rendered dimensionless and solved by a method developed previously using the Mathematica® software. The transient response of the reactor to different modes of reactor start-up, as well as the response to a step change of a key variable, are examined. The validity of the steady-state solution is assessed by comparing it to previous modelling attempts.     

Mathematical modelling of the transient behaviour of cstrs with reactive particulates: Part 1 — The population balance framework

The population balance model appears to be the best approach to model particulate systems where multiple heterogeneous reactions occur. This work demonstrates a mathematical formulation that is based on the population balance model, and aims at simulating the non steady-state behaviour of a single-stage CSTR under isothermal operation. The chemical reaction system is a typical example from the field of hydrometallurgy with two parallel reactions, one being leaching, the other precipitation with simultaneous reactant regeneration. The solution of the resulting system of the partial and ordinary differential equations is achieved by combining the moment transformation of the population balance equations with the numerical method of lines, using the Mathematica® software. Finally, examples are given for a reactor startup in two cases: a single leaching reaction, and simultaneous leaching and precipitation reactions. In the first case, the difference between simultaneous and sequential feeding in achieving steady-state is also discussed.     

铅烟化炉次氧化锌生产电锌的工艺研究

进行了焙烧脱氟氟-酸浸-氧化除杂-电解工艺处理铅烟化炉次氧化锌的研究。试验结果：锌直收率87．02％，回收率89．25％，阴极锌质量100％达0^#锌品级。