骨架构建法进行污泥固化处理的试验研究

针对目前采用水泥固化处理污泥中存在的水泥用量大、强度低问题,提出采用废弃淤泥构建污泥骨架进行固化处理的思路。试验结果表明,添加淤泥后污泥固化强度得到了明显提高,能够满足填埋或资源化利用对强度的要求,并实现了以废治废的目标。为了获得最优的固化方案,建立了污泥固化处理的多目标优化设计模型,通过该模型可获得最优的水泥和淤泥掺入量。     

焚烧灰中重金属溶出行为及水泥固化机理

垃圾焚烧飞灰是生活垃圾焚烧后烟气除尘器收下的物质，因其中含有水浸出性的重金属物质而被认为是危险废物，必须对之进行稳定化处理．主要研究了焚烧飞灰中重金属物质的浸出问题，考察了水泥对焚烧飞灰中重金属物质固化的效果．研究表明，用水泥稳定固化焚烧飞灰中重金属物质的效果良好，重金属物质通过物理固封、替代或吸附等形式可固化进水泥水化产物结构中．     

定向凝固技术制作单晶铸件的实验研究

用定向凝固技术制作单晶铸件、摸索合理可行的工艺方法；分析晶粒生长淘汰过程。     

Formation of metacinnabar by milling of liquid mercury and elemental sulfur for long term mercury storage

In this paper we present the results of the formation of black HgS (metacinnabar) from liquid mercury and elemental sulfur using the mechanical energy provided by a ball mill in different conditions. Metacinnabar formation was observed even after short milling times (15 min) and unreacted liquid mercury was no longer detected after 60 min of milling. The reaction mechanism was monitored with a scanning electron microscope. The impact and friction forces of milling on the Hg and S mixture resulted in the formation of metacinnabar by reducing the size of mercury drops, giving rise to microspheres, and lowering the surface tension to allow sulfur grains to become adhered at the reaction interface.After 60 min of milling, the metacinnabar formation reaction was observed to be more than 99.99% complete, yielding a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure value of 3.1 μg/L Hg. The reaction product thus complies with the limits of the most stringent Universal Treatment Standard requirements, which allow a maximum TCLP concentration of 25 μg/L.     

水泥混凝土早期抗裂性能的研究现状

针对目前混凝土材料研究领域的热点问题——开裂，对国内外水泥混凝土抗裂性能的研究现状进行了总结和评述．由于混凝土凝结硬化的早期是影响并控制混凝土抗裂性和后期性能的关键阶段，因此重点介绍了早期混凝土收缩、强度、弹性模量、徐变等的动态发展过程及这一过程对混凝土开裂趋势和抗裂性能的影响等方面的研究情况。     

Enhanced Mn2+ solidification and NH4+-N removal from electrolytic manganese metal residue via surfactants

Electrolytic manganese metal residue (EMMR) harmless treatment has always lacked a low-cost and quick processing technology. In this study, surfactants, namely tetradecyl trimethylammonium chloride (TTC), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS), and octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride (OTC), were used in the solidification of Mn²⁺ and removal of NH₄⁺-N from EMMR. The Mn²⁺ and NH₄⁺-N concentrations under different reaction conditions, Mn²⁺ solidification and NH₄⁺-N removal mechanisms, and leaching behavior were studied. The results revealed that the surfactants could enhance the Mn²⁺ solidification and NH₄⁺-N removal from EMMR, and the order of enhancement was as follows: TTC > SDBS > OTC > SLS. The NH₄⁺-N and Mn²⁺ concentrations were 12.3 and 0.05 mg·L^-1 with the use of 60.0 mg·kg^-1 TTC under optimum conditions (solid–liquid ratio of 1.5:1, EMMR to BRM mass ratio of 100:8, temperature of 20 ℃, and reaction duration of 12 h), which met the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). Mn²⁺ was mainly solidified as Mn(OH)₂, MnOOH and MnSiO₃, and NH₄⁺-N in EMMR was mostly removed in the form of ammonia. The results of this study could provide a new idea for cost-effective EMMR harmless treatment.     

Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质行为

研究了高硅铝硅合金(45wt% Si)熔体电磁分离过程中,Sb添加量、下拉速率、温度等对分离效果的影响,对Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质机理进行了分析。结果表明,在1500℃、下拉速率为10 μm/s时,过共晶铝硅合金熔体中加入Sb进行定向凝固后,合金部分硅铝比从11.53%降至11.21%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从86wt%增至90wt%;当1500℃、下拉速率为40 μm/s时,合金部分硅铝比从12.56%降至12.13%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从81wt%增至86.5wt%;加入变质剂后合金部分共晶硅相在α-Al基体中分布均匀且连续,形貌有所细化。     

粉煤灰对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的影响研究

粉煤灰掺入到混凝土中，由于其活性效应、微集料填充效应、形态效应以及吸附效应而使混凝土的密实度和对氯离子的固化能力得以提高，降低氯离子的渗透系数，提高混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀能力。粉煤灰的掺量和细度对混凝土的性能有一定的影响。     

纤维尺寸和界面形态对定向凝固NiAl-Mo共晶合金电化学腐蚀性能的影响

由于凝固组织对腐蚀有着重要的影响,本文主要目地获取最优组织形态和电化学参数生产钼纳米丝。研究表明NiAl-Mo共晶合金定向凝固下,组织由基体NiAl相和纤维Mo相共生耦合生长。随着抽拉速率从10 μm/s增大到40 μm/s时,纤维尺寸从800 nm减小到300 nm,界面形态也从平界面变化成胞界面。同时在0.1 M HCl电解液下测量其极化曲线,发现凝固速率为20 μm/s时耐腐蚀性能最好。对于NiAl-Mo共晶合金,影响电化学腐蚀性能不仅仅是纤维尺寸,而且还取决于界面形貌。为了更进一步研究界面形态对腐蚀的影响,本文设计了跃迁变速实验,实验表明定向凝固组织形貌会随着变速比的增大从平界面变成胞界面最后变成枝界面,然而最后的纤维尺寸和变速比无关,和恒速抽拉相同。极化曲线表明平界面有着最好的耐腐蚀性能。     

镍基高温合金GH4282的凝固和偏析行为

采用差示扫描量热（DSC）分析、显微组织观察和热力学计算相结合的方法对镍基高温合金GH4282的凝固过程和元素偏析行为进行研究,得到了合金的凝固顺序以及元素偏析特征。结果表明,GH4282合金的凝固顺序为：γ基体、MC碳化物以及少量的硼化物。由DSC测得的合金GH4282合金的固-液相温度范围为1316~1367 ℃,MC、M6C型碳化物和γ′相的溶解温度分别为1338 ℃、1092 ℃和1003 ℃。热力学计算结果表明,GH4282合金在凝固过程C、B、Ti和Mo偏聚于枝晶间,Al偏析于枝晶干,Cr、Fe和Co几乎不发生偏析,这与铸态组织观察到的元素偏析特征是一致的。