A multi-objective approach to optimal placement and sizing of multiple active power filters using a music-inspired algorithm

This paper proposes a new multi-objective framework for optimal placement and sizing of the active power filters (APFs) with satisfactory and acceptable standard levels. total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage, harmonic transmission line loss (HTLL), motor load loss function (MLLF), and total APFs currents are the four objectives considered in the optimization, while harmonic distortions within standard level, and maximum allowable APF size, are modeled as constraints. The proposed model is one of non-convex optimization problem having a non-linear, mixed-integer nature. Since, a new modified harmony search algorithm (MHSA) is used and followed by a min–max technique in order to obtain the final optimal solution. The harmony search algorithm is a recently developed optimization algorithm, which imitates the music improvisation process. In this process, the Harmonists improvise their instrument pitches searching for the perfect state of harmony. The newly developed method has been applied on the IEEE 18-bus test system and IEEE 30-bus test system by different scenarios and cases to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The detailed results of the case studies are presented and thoroughly analyzed. The obtained results illustrate the sufficiency and profitableness of the newly developed method in the placement and sizing of the multiple active power filters, when compared with other methods.     

代谢解偶联技术在污泥减量化中的应用研究进展

针对废水生物处理中产生的剩余污泥处置问题,提出了实现污泥减量化的解偶联技术,并介绍了投加解偶联剂、好氧-沉淀-厌氧（OSA）、高S0/X0这三种解偶联工艺的原理、应用及优缺点,最后对这三种工艺的未来发展前景进行了预测。     

Required strength of geosynthetics in a reinforced slope with tensile strength cut-off subjected to seepage effects

The Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) yield criterion is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soils. By introducing the concept of tensile strength cut-off, the M-C criterion is modified to reduce or eliminate the tensile strength from the criterion. In this study, a new approach is proposed to investigate the stability of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes in cohesive soils subjected to seepage effects by means of the kinematic approach of limit analysis. The distribution of pore-water pressure is obtained using the numerical modeling software package, FLAC3D. A kinematically admissible failure mechanism is discretized to incorporate the results from the numerical simulation. The strength of geosynthetics required for maintaining the slope stability is evaluated from the work-energy balance equation. An optimization routine is used to seek out the maximum value among all possible results. Design charts providing the normalized required reinforcement under different parameters are plotted for a parametric study and convenient use in engineering. The obtained results show that less reinforcement is required in the presence of soil cohesion, and that the inclusion of the effect of tensile strength cut-off leads to a more conservative solution, which is more obvious in the presence of seepage effects.     

基于修正关口-太田模型的归一化#br# 变形量开挖边坡失稳判据

由于普通土体本构模型不能反应土体初始应力状态及开挖应力路径,在进行有限元计算时得到的特征点位移也会与工程实际有偏差。选用可以对开挖前边坡土体的初始K0应力状态以及开挖应力路径进行合理描述的修正关口太田模型,对开挖边坡进行有限元计算。根据位移突变判据,采用单因素敏感性分析,对54例简单边坡进行有限元计算,得出与边坡位移量呈正、负关联的基本参量。利用灰色关联分析方法,首次同时考虑了土坡几何参数、物理参数、本构模型等基本参数,将边坡的变形量进行归一化处理,构建以变形量为基础的归一化失稳判据Fu及警戒位移值U′1,从而可以通过实时监控边坡位移及时给出滑坡体的安全性评价。     

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积加固有机质黏土的试验研究

利用尿素水解菌ATCC 11859,开展了不同胶结液浓度下MICP压力灌浆加固有机质黏土的研究试验。通过试验前后试样的无侧限抗压强度、CaCO_3含量、渗透系数、有机质含量以及灌浆过程中流出液Ca~(2+)与NH_4~+浓度的变化,综合评价了MICP压力灌浆加固有机质黏土的效果。结果表明:MICP压力灌浆加固有机质黏土是有效的,处理后试样有机质含量可降低1%～4%,无侧限抗压强度提高可达370%,渗透系数可降低约1个数量级;在本试验的菌液活性(即每分钟水解尿素的量为9.68毫摩尔每升)及浓度(约108 cell/mL)下,胶结液浓度对处理效果有明显影响,提高0.25M胶结液中的urea浓度,可显著提高处理后土体的无侧限抗压强度。     

考虑全填充墙作用的钢筋混凝土框架抗连续倒塌性能分析

为探究钢筋混凝土(RC)全填充墙框架在边中柱失效情况下的抗连续倒塌性能及其承载力计算方法,基于已有试验和有限元程序OpenSees建立宏观有限元数值模型展开研究。数值模型中的梁柱采用基于力的纤维梁单元模拟,填充墙则转化为等效斜撑并用桁架单元进行表征。填充墙宏观模型涉及等效斜撑的宽度、数量和相应材料属性的确定,为此对比了不同等效斜撑模型的适用性,确定了一种连续倒塌工况下全填充墙的宏观模拟方案。进而利用验证的数值模型,揭示全填充墙框架防倒塌的荷载传递机制,并研究了层数和填充墙砌体抗压强度对抗倒塌性能的影响。结果表明：全填充墙框架荷载主要通过墙体对角传递且全填充墙会与周围框架形成一种桁架机制;随填充墙砌体抗压强度降低,结构抗力峰值呈下降趋势。最后,以填充墙和周边框架竖向承载刚度比为基本参数,建立了通过求得填充墙和框架刚度以及纯框架理论弯曲承载力,便可快速评估规则RC填充墙框架防倒塌能力的回归模型。     

碾压混凝土坝三维黏弹性分析模型研究

将碾压混凝土施工层面影响带视为横观各向同性体,应用复合材料力学分析理论,深入研究了碾压混凝土坝施工层面影响带的变化规律,提出了具有横观各向同性体性质的渐变规律分析模型,反演分析了反映层面渐变特性的相关参数;据此研究并提出了相应的碾压混凝土三维黏弹性分析模型。实例分析表明,提出的分析模型能较好地反映碾压混凝土施工层面影响带对坝体结构性态的影响。     

服务于土木工程新工科建设的国际学生交流组织平台设计与构建

面对新技术与新经济,土木专业作为传统工科专业有升级转型为新工科的必要性与迫切性。为助推新型土木工程专业个性化人才培养,河海大学土木与交通学院基于推进学科交融、跨界整合能力培养的发展主旨进行了独特的专业学生组织交流平台建设,在人的全面发展、现代认知学习、建构主义、生涯发展等理论的基础上,以国际竞赛、国际年会、讲堂制度和三高体系为载体,构建了ASCE国际学生组织河海大学分会,以激发学生主体作用,推进新工科建设。     

短纤维及混杂纤维砂浆轴向拉伸试验研究

采用自行设计的试验加载装置，对在砂浆中分别掺人钢纤维、PVA纤维以及同时掺人两种纤维的水泥基复合材料进行了直接拉伸试验，成功地获得了完整的应力-应变全曲线．数据采集采用动态应变测试系统，结果表明，在砂浆中掺人钢纤维．可以大大提高基体的抗拉强度及韧性，试件的最终破坏取决于钢纤维与基体之间的界面粘结强度；在砂浆中掺人PVA纤维对提高基体的抗拉强度有限，但却可以较大幅度地提高基体的韧性，试件的破坏是随着纤维的逐渐断裂而破坏。混杂纤维增强砂浆的破坏形式则是由基体、钢纤维、PVA纤维的材料特性共同决定。     

不同加载路径饱和岩石力学特征的试验研究

不同加载路径对岩石强度特征、变形特征和破坏特征存在影响。据此，探讨饱和岩石在排水、非排水、比例加载、侧向卸载、在不同偏应力状态下注水和非排水（但在不同偏应力状态下水压力卸载）等加载情况下以及在常规三轴试验和拥有循环加载的三轴试验等试验方式下，岩体的强度特征、各向异性变形特征和破坏特征。试验结果表明：循环加载、饱和岩石在不同偏应力状态下注水、非排水但在不同应力状态下水压力卸载、比例加载和侧向卸载等具有降低岩石强度、增加岩体变形以及水压力对岩石具有劈裂破坏作用等特征，这些力学特征对岩土工程具有现实意义。