利用控制烧结曲线及其拓展预测ZrO2陶瓷烧结过程

将钇稳定氧化锆(3Y-PSZ)冷等静压素坯在原位测量仪中进行恒速无压烧结, 升温速率分别为2、5、8℃/min, 通过原位测量仪保存图像, 并用软件Image-Pro Plus 6.0对图像进行处理, 得到收缩数据, 建立氧化锆的控制烧结曲线(MSC), 成功计算出其烧结活化能Q为685.7 kJ/mol。并对控制烧结曲线进行扩展(EMSCE), 模拟出恒定加热速率下整个烧结过程中温度与相对密度的关系, 而不仅仅是预测最终密度。该研究提供了一种预测材料烧结制度的可能性, 确保了所选烧结时间和烧结温度的高精确度和可重复性。     

Pitting Kinetics of 304 Stainless Steel Using ESPI Detection Technique

The electronic speckle pattern interferometer was used to in situ monitor the pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel at anodic polarization.The pitting current and pitting current density of a single pit were obtained.The pit growth was controlled by the corrosion products diffusion.The pit morphology was observed by a scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the pit was dish shaped,and the geometric parameters and pit growth time conformed to the function of Y = A+B1t+B2t2+B3t3.     

Comparative assessment upon dye removal capability of indigenous bacterial strains from Lanyang Plain in northeast Taiwan

This study provides a first attempt from a geological and ecological perspective to look forward isolations of indigenous strains with the decolorization capability from the most biodiverse region in Taiwan for dye-laden wastewater treatment. Serial selections were conducted by a specific use of the fungicide nystatin and model azo dye C.I. reactive red 141 (RR141) during isolation. Several bacterial strains with the excellent capability of azo dye decolorization were predominantly isolated from river water and mud samples of Lanyang River Basin. Phase-curve profiles indicated that azo dye decolorization was found to be non-growth associated for both mixed cultures and isolated pure strains. The color removal efficiency of the mixed culture was nearly 10-fold to that of Pseudomonas luteola at ca. 600mgL(-1) RR141, indicating a promising feasibility of isolated cultures to be applicable for practical treatments. The decolorization performance of unacclimated and acclimated pure cultures was at most 20% and 70-80% to that of the mixed cultures, respectively. It might suggest that combined interactions among decolorizers were crucial for the optimal color removal. According to the results of physiological and 16S rRNA gene sequence examinations, the isolated strains should belong to Aeromonas species (very likely A. hydrophila).     

锂离子电池负极材料用针状焦的石墨化机理及其储锂行为

通过考察煤系针状焦在700~2800℃热处理过程中石墨微晶结构的变化规律及其电化学性能, 并结合TG-DTG、XRD、SEM、XPS表征方法以及充放电、循环伏安曲线特征, 分析了针状焦的石墨化机理及其储锂机制. 研究结果表明, 随热处理温度的升高, 针状焦的类石墨微晶在不断长大的同时, 还存在微晶在径/轴向的排列、石墨层间位错线的消失、晶界间C-C六圆环的形成、晶界的消失以及石墨层“褶皱”的平面化等复杂过程, 且每个过程的驱动力不同. 针状焦经过2800℃石墨化后, 可获得较低的Li⁺充放电电位和稳定的充放电平台, 且反复充放电40次后的有效嵌锂容量为305mAh/g.     

中间相沥青的预氧化对石墨化泡沫炭微裂纹的影响

通过对萘系中间相沥青进行预氧化处理,研究族组成变化对石墨化泡沫炭微结构的影响机制。结果表明:中间相沥青经过预氧化处理后,喹啉不溶物含量提高、族组成分布变窄,导致石墨化过程中泡沫炭泡孔的孔壁、韧带处热应力的梯度差异变小,进而使得微裂纹的数量、长度及间隙减小。     

有序中孔炭球的自组装合成及其结构控制

以间苯二酚糠醛低聚物为炭前驱体,三嵌段共聚物F127为结构导向剂,通过悬浮辅助的蒸发诱导自组装乳化成球,高温炭化后得到有序中孔炭球. 考察了乳化剂用量和搅拌速度对有序中孔炭球的粒径和表面形貌影响,嵌段共聚物F127与间苯二酚摩尔比（F127/R）及间苯二酚糠醛反应时间对有序中孔炭球的微观结构影响. 结果表明：当乳化剂用量从0.1vol%增加到2.0vol%,有序中孔炭球的粒径从400μm减小到100μm;在乳化剂用量相同时,搅拌速度从100r/min增加到600r/min, 有序中孔炭球的粒径从341μm减小到60μm;当 F127/R的比值为0.008、0.015和0.025时,分别制得三维体心立方、二维六方和无序蠕虫结构的中孔炭球.     

Vectorized algorithms for solving special tridiagonal systems

Solving special tridiagonal systems often arise in the fields of engineering and science. This special tridiagonal system is diagonally dominant and circulant near-Toeplitz. This paper presents two fast vectorized algorithms for solving special tridiagonal systems. Both algorithms employ the matrix perturbation technique and have many computational advantages on vector supercomputer. The related error analysis are also given. Some experimental results are illustrated on vector uniprocessor of the CRAY X-MP EA/116se.     

Carbon foams prepared by supercritical foaming method

Multifunctional carbon foams with mean pore size smaller than 200 μm were prepared by supercritical foaming, in which toluene and mesophase pitch were used as the supercritical agent and carbonaceous precursor, respectively. The supercritical foaming behaviors and nucleation mechanisms were analyzed. According to the composition of mesophase pitch and micrographs of resultant carbon foams, the interface between light components and quinoline insoluble components is considered as the nucleation site.     

Preparation of carbon foams with supercritical toluene

Carbon foams with pore sizes of 10–50 μm were prepared with mesophase pitch and toluene as the carbonaceous precursor and supercritical agent, respectively. Results revealed that the light pitch components and dissolved toluene in pitch significantly affected the pore structures of resultant carbon foams. The amount of toluene dissolved in molten pitch is greatly dependent on the foaming conditions, such as the ratio of toluene to pitch, foaming temperature, foaming pressure and saturation time. Carbon foams with hierarchical porous structures are obtained by controlling the amount of light pitch components.     

Formation of distinct soluble microbial products by activated sludge: kinetic analysis and quantitative determination

Soluble microbial products (SMP) released by microorganisms in bioreactors are classified into two distinct groups according to their different chemical and degradation kinetics: utilization-associated products (UAP) and biomass-associated products (BAP). SMP are responsible for effluent chemical oxygen demand or for membrane fouling of membrane bioreactor. Here an effective and convenient approach, other than the complicated chemical methods or complex models, is developed to quantify the formation of UAP and BAP together with their kinetics in activated sludge process. In this approach, an integrated substrate utilization equation is developed and used to determine UAP and their production kinetics. On the basis of total SMP measurements, BAP formation is determined with an integrated BAP formation equation. The fraction of substrate electrons diverted to UAP, and the content of BAP derived from biomass can then be calculated. Dynamic quantification data are obtained for UAP and BAP separately and conveniently. The obtained kinetic parameters are found to be reasonable as they are generally bounded and comparable to the literature values. The validity of this approach is confirmed by independent SMP production tests in six different activated sludge systems, which demonstrates its applicability in a wide range of engineered system regarding SMP production. This work provides a widely applied approach to determine the formation of UAP and BAP conveniently, which may offer engineers with basis to optimize bioreactor operation to avoid a high effluent soluble organics from SMP or SMP-based membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors.