蒙脱石/粉煤灰复合材料吸附含锌废水的研究

以蒙脱石、粉煤灰为原料,添加一定量的粘结剂混合造粒制成复合颗粒吸附剂,用于处理含Zn2+废水,实验研究了吸附反应时间、吸附剂投加量、废水初始浓度及介质pH值对吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明:蒙脱石/粉煤灰复合颗粒吸附剂的最佳吸附工艺条件为:在室温下,吸附反应时间50 min,吸附剂投加量5.0 g/L,初始浓度40 mg/L,溶液pH值为5。在此条件下处理含Zn2+废水,吸附去除率为95.77%,处理后残余浓度为1.69 mg/L,达到国家一级排放标准(2.0 mg/L)。     

Isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of nylon/saponite and nylon/montmorillonite nanocomposites

DSC thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction have been used to investigate the isothermal crystallization behavior and crystalline structure of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites. Nylon 6/clay has prepared by the intercalation of ε‐caprolactam and then exfoliating the layered silicates by subsequent polymerization. The DSC isothermal results reveal that introducing saponite into the nylon structure causes strongly heterogeneous nucleation induced change of the crystal growth process from a two‐dimensional crystal growth to a three dimensional spherulitic growth. But the crystal growth mechanism of nylon/montmorillonite nanocomposites is a mixed two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional spherulitic growth. The activation energy drastically decreases with the presence of 2.5 wt % clay in nylon/clay nanocomposites and then slightly increases with increasing clay content. The result indicates that the addition of clay into nylon induces the heterogeneous nucleation (a lower ΔE) at lower clay content and then reduces the transportation ability of polymer chains during crystallization processes at higher clay content (a higher ΔE). The correlation among crystallization kinetics, melting behavior, and crystalline structure of nylon/clay nanocomposites is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2196–2204, 2004     

铜离子-氧化锌/十六烷基铵基吡啶-蒙脱石吸附大肠杆菌的能力

以蒙脱石(montmorillonite,MMT)、铜离子(Cu2 )、氧化锌(ZnO)和十六烷基铵基吡啶(cetylpyridinium,CP)为主要原料,制备了MMT基系列细菌吸附剂Cu2 -ZnO/CP-MMT,Cu2 -ZnO/MMT,ZnO/MMT和MMT,并比较它们吸附大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)的能力.结果表明:上述材料与E.coli作用1.5 h后均可达到吸附平衡,吸附率大小顺序为Cu2 -ZnO/CP-MMT＞Cu2 -ZnO/MMT＞ZnO/MMT＞MMT.介质的pH值、离子强度和吸附温度对MMT基矿物材料吸附E.coli的能力有不同程度的影响.MMT基矿物材料吸附E.coli为吸热过程,在实验温度范围内自发进行.     

熔体插层制备硅橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能研究

通过熔体插层成功制备了硅橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，通过XRD和SEM分析可知，在所选择的两步工艺务件下。蒙脱土被硅橡胶分子链插层剥离。获得剥离型的纳米复合材料。同时，测试了其力学性能和耐热性能。所得到的复合物的性能较纯硅橡胶有很大的提高，且与气相法白炭黑填充体系的性能相当。并且研究了硅烷偶联剂对填料-硅橡胶之间的增强作用。     

Chlorophyll adsorption on acid-activated clay

An acid-activated clay (Çanakkale montmorillonite from Turkey) was used to adsorb chlorophyll from hexane solutions. The phenomenon seems to be mainly driven by the interaction of chlorophyll with acid sites. The adsorption of chlorophyll on Brönsted acid sites was indicated by a characteristic infrared band for the -OH group at 3671 cm^?1. The variations in the structure of clay mineral and chlorophyll during adsorption have been examined by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy of the activated clay before and after adsorption of chlorophyll. Oxidation of adsorbed chlorophyll was completed at quite a high temperature.     

高吸水复合材料吸水速度的研究

本研究使用聚丙烯酰胺与蒙脱土复合而成的高吸水复合材料(简称SAPC)对其在各种情况下的吸水速度进行初步的探讨,测定了材料的吸水速度,讨论了水溶液中离子(盐)和醇浓度以及温度、时间等各种因素对SAPC吸水率的影响及影响吸水速度的原因。     

UHMWPE/蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构与流动性的关系

采用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵对微米尺度的蒙脱土进行离子交换，所得有机蒙脱土与少量引发剂和超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)共混后，在双螺杆挤出机上进行反应挤出，得到了具有一定流动性能的UHM—WPE／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。该纳米复合材料熔体的流动性能较UHMWPE高出许多；用X衍射、透射电子显微镜等表征方法研究了这种纳米复合材料的相结构，通过稳态和动态流变试验研究了其流变性能与蒙脱土含量的关系，分析了UHMWPE熔体大分子解缠结机理。     

原位插层聚合法制备共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用原位插层聚合法,制备了蒙脱土含量较高的共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,意在做母料使用,含有该母料的聚合物复合材料的染色性能、吸湿浸润性能、抗静电性能及抗紫外性能等都有所改善。阐述了合适的共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备工艺,讨论了制备过程中的影响因素,结果发现:在采用酯交换-缩聚反应釜进行原位插层聚合制备共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的过程中,蒙脱土在缩聚釜中加入更符合生产实际;缩聚反应的实际过程证明了蒙脱土中含有的金属离子对缩聚反应有催化作用;另外,控制聚合的最终温度不超过278℃。最后,对共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征。     

Thermal analysis of montmorillonites modified with quaternary phosphonium and ammonium surfactants

The thermal stability of seven organically modified montmorillonites (‘organoclays’) has been investigated using differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry. Six organoclays were synthesised by replacing the interlayer inorganic cations, initially present, with quaternary phosphonium and ammonium surfactant cations. The samples modified with tetrabutylphosphonium (TBP), and butyltriphenylphosphonium (BTPP) ions have an appreciably higher thermal stability than the octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA)-modified clays. Thus, in the case of TBP- and BTPP-modified montmorillonites, the onset temperature of decomposition is close to 300 °C. Samples modified with hexadecyltributylphosphonium (HDTBP) ions have a lower onset temperature of decomposition of 225 °C. In comparison, the onset temperature for ODTMA-montmorillonites (obtained at different concentrations of ODTMA-bromide) ranges from 158 to 222 °C, being highest where the concentration of intercalated surfactant is lowest. The onset temperature for a commercial alkylsilane-treated quaternary ammonium-modified organoclay (S-BEN N-400FP) is 207 °C. The basal spacing of the TBP- and BTPP-modified clays is 1.7–1.8 nm, indicating a monolayer arrangement of quaternary phosphonium ions in the interlayer space, while the value of 2.5 nm for HDTBP-montmorillonite indicates a more open structure. The ODTMA-modified samples have basal spacings ranging from 1.9 to 2.1 nm, indicative of a bilayer to pseudo-trilayer arrangement. The exceptionally high basal spacing of 3.4 nm for the S-BEN N-400FP organoclay might be due to interlayer penetration of organosilane hydrolysis products during synthesis. The thermal properties of organoclays are apparently related to the nature of the surfactants and their arrangement in the interlayer space of montmorillonite.     

有机蒙脱土的制备与表征

采用乙二胺,十八胺处理蒙脱土原土（PMT）,合成有机土（OMT）,经FTIR,WAXD和SEM分析,结果表明经乙二胺,十八胺有机化改性后,蒙脱土层间距由原来的1、196nm分别增加到2、484nm和3、341nm。