混合结构房屋抗震设计探讨

结合工程实践经验，分析了混合结构房屋抗震设计中存在的主要问题，介绍了提高砖房抗震能力的措施，从而使得这类房屋的地震破坏降低到最低限度。     

节理岩石剪切流变特性试验与模型研究

利用岩石剪切流变仪,对龙滩水电站大型地下洞室群围岩中的无充填节理岩石进行了剪切流变试验,得到了节理岩石长期抗剪强度参数,与快速剪切试验获得的短期抗剪强度参数进行比较,发现长期抗剪强度参数有所降低,且粘聚力对时间敏感性高于内摩擦角。基于得到的剪切流变试验曲线,采用五元件粘弹性剪切流变模型对表现为粘弹性流变特性的试验曲线进行了辨识,获得了节理岩石的粘弹性剪切流变参数。然后将提出的非线性粘塑性体与五元件粘弹性剪切流变模型串联起来,建立了岩石七元件非线性粘弹塑性剪切流变模型。采用节理岩石加速剪切流变全程曲线,对七元件非线性粘弹塑性剪切流变模型进行了辨识,得到了非线性剪切流变模型材料参数,剪切流变模型与试验结果的比较,显示出了所建剪切流变模型的正确性与合理性。     

基于细观力学的盐岩蠕变损伤本构模型研究

在对盐岩在蠕变试验中所表现的损伤特征认识基础上,利用对应性原理建立了基于细观力学的盐岩蠕变损伤本构模型。该模型能够体现考虑损伤和不考虑损伤的蠕变力学过程的巨大差别,应变率随着有效蠕变应力的增大而增大的特征,及在一定畸应力作用下随着静水压力的增大蠕变应变率变小的特征。     

枢纽工程重要构筑物（群）与地质环境互馈作用机制与控制技术

紧密结合中国重大水利水电工程长期安全调控的迫切需求,深入研究开挖卸荷、水库蓄水、水位交变、泄洪雨雾及库区气候变化条件下,库区及枢纽区渗流场、应力场和参数场（岩土力学性能参数、加固系统功能指标）的动态演化和耦合作用机理,建立并形成了地质环境变化趋势预测的理论和方法;系统研究不同构筑物（库岸边坡、高坝岩基和大型地下洞室群）与地质环境的互馈作用机制,完善并发展了基于地质环境演化的构筑物工作性状动态分析方法和调控技术,研发了与变化环境相适应的加固系统（特别是锚固体系）长效延寿成套装备与工法,并在实际工程中得到示范应用。     

不同卸荷路径对砂岩渗透性演化影响的试验研究

为了研究初始围压和卸荷速率对砂岩卸荷变形破坏过程中渗透性演化规律的影响,开展考虑不同初始围压(10,20,30 MPa)、不同卸荷速率(0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5 MPa/min)下的三轴卸荷渗流力学试验研究。研究结果表明:(1)砂岩卸荷破坏时表现为明显脆性特征,且随初始围压和卸荷速率的增大,砂岩侧向变形和体积扩容特性愈加明显。(2)砂岩卸荷破坏过程中渗透率演化规律与卸荷应力–应变关系密切相关,呈现阶段性变化特征,即弹性变形阶段渗透率增长缓慢;屈服变形阶段渗透率加速增长;达到卸荷峰值应力后,进入应力跌落阶段,此时渗透率急剧增长,并发生突跳现象;卸荷破坏后残余强度阶段,渗透率快速下降并趋于稳定。(3)不同初始围压和卸荷速率对砂岩卸荷变形破坏过程中渗透性演化影响明显,初始卸荷围压越高,卸荷破坏时的卸荷量越大,但卸荷量与初始围压比值越小;卸荷速率越大,砂岩卸荷破坏时产生的卸荷量越大,所处围压水平越低,渗透率峰值越高。研究成果可为深埋地下岩石工程围岩渗透性演化与安全评价提供参考。     

Triaxial creep tests of weak sandstone from fracture zone of high dam foundation

The lithology of fracture zone which was developed at the dam foundation ofa hydropower station is weak sandstone with poor integrity and pore cementation contact.Its creep properties have a significant impact on the deformation and stability of the dam.Based on the characteristics of loose organizational structure,high moisture content and poor mechanical properties,the triaxial compression tests and creep tests were carried out,respectively.The results show significant non-linear,low strength and no obvious strength peaks.Both axial and lateral strains are achieved more than 3％ when the tests are failed.The weak sandstone has a significant creep property,but only transient and steady state appear under low stress.Increased stress causes creep intensified and lateral strain gradually exceeds axial strain.In the failure stage,it has characteristics of large axial plastic deformation,obvious volumetric ductility dilation and large steady creep rate.The accelerated creep appears shortly after transient loading under confining of pressures 1.0 MPa and 1.5 MPa.Therefore,an improved Burgers creep model considering the non-linear characteristics of weak sandstone is built based on hyperbolic equation and the creep parameters are identified.This model can well describe the creep properties of weak sandstone.     

Creep properties and permeability evolution in triaxial rheological tests of hard rock in dam foundation

Triaxial creep tests were carried out under seepage pressure by using rock servo-controlled triaxial rheology testing equipment. Based on experimental results, rock rheological properties influenced by seepage-stress coupling were studied, and variations of seepage rate with time in complete creep processes of rock were analyzed. It is shown that, when the applied stress is less than failure stress level, the creep deformation is not obvious, and its main form is steady-state creep. When applied stress level is greater than or less than but close to fracture stress, it is easier to see the increase of creep deformation and the more obvious accelerative creep characteristics. The circumferential creep deformation is obviously higher than the axial creep deformation. At the stage of steady-state creep, the average of seepage flow rate is about 4.7×10⁻⁹ m/s at confining pressure (σ ₃) of 2 MPa, and is about 3.9×10⁻⁹ m/s at σ ₃ of 6 MPa. It is seen that the seepage flow rate at σ ₃ of 2 MPa in this case is obviously larger than that at σ ₃ of 6 MPa. At the stage of creep acceleration, the seepage flow rate is markedly increased with the increase of time. The variation of rock permeability is directly connected to the growth and evolution of creep crack. It is suggested that the permeability coefficient in complete creep processes of rock is not a constant, but is a function of rock creep strain, confining pressure, damage variable and pore water pressure. The results can be considered to provide a reliable reference for the establishment of rock rheological model and parameter identification.     

基于有限圆弧和强度折减方法的渠道开挖临界坡度研究

 基于有限差分法,得到单元应力、应变和位移计算结果,建立以极限平衡理论为基础的有限圆弧法和以变形变化趋势为破坏标准的强度折减法,搜索出边坡临界滑动面和最小安全系数,通过算例验证及参数对计算结果的影响分析,证明所建方法应用于边坡工程的可行性。文中方法结合极限平衡方法共同应用于南水北调工程大型渠道土质边坡开挖临界坡度研究中,选取高边坡、填筑边坡、深挖方边坡3种典型的渠道边坡模式,得到安全系数随开挖坡度的变化曲线,对比分析确定出渠道边坡的临界开挖坡度。研究表明,渠道高边坡和填筑边坡对开挖坡度要求较高,相对挖方卸载,填筑加载对边坡的稳定性影响较大,文中方法具有较高准确性和合理性,弥补现存方法的不足,不但可解决大型渠道边坡设计问题,也可为类似边坡工程提供参考。     

韧性岩石常规三轴压缩试验及变形与损伤演化规律研究

 利用岩石全自动三轴伺服仪,对向家坝水电站坝基挤压带强风化砂岩进行不同围压下的常规三轴压缩试验,并对岩石变形和破坏机制进行研究。试验结果表明：该强风化砂岩表现出显著的非线性变形和延性破坏特征,属于韧性岩石。在偏压作用下,岩石轴向和侧向应变分别为5%和4%,体积膨胀量为4%以上。岩石变形力学参数随荷载的变化而变化,随偏应力的增大,岩石弹性模量减小,泊松比增大。围压可提高岩石抵抗变形和破坏的能力,围压越大,岩石发生扩容的起始偏应力越大。基于密度方法研究岩石损伤演化规律。加载初期,岩石被压密,处于无损阶段;当偏应力超过一定水平时,岩石出现损伤,且损伤量与等效应变呈线性关系,密度损伤阈值低于0.12。试验结果对向家坝水电站坝基稳定性分析有重要参考价值。     

基于 PSO-PP 的边坡稳定性评价

边坡的稳定性评价是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。结合投影寻踪算法、粒子群优化算法和逻辑斯谛曲线函数,建立了边坡稳定性评价的粒子群优化投影寻踪模型 (PSO-PP) 。该模型一方面利用粒子群算法 (PSO) 优化投影指标函数及逻辑斯谛曲线函数参数,确保了模型参数的准确性;另一方面利用逻辑斯谛曲线函数建立投影值与经验等级之间的非线性关系。模型的测试结果显示了良好的精度。将该模型应用到雅砻江锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡的稳定性分析中,实例分析结果与实际状态吻合较好,表明该模型在边坡稳定性评价中的可行性和有效性。