横观各向同性地层水平井井壁拟三维应力场计算模型

 针对横观各向同性地层,基于各向异性材料力学理论,运用应力叠加原理和坐标变换方法,考虑井筒流体压力、最大水平主应力、最小水平主应力和上覆岩层压力作用,推导横观各向同性地层中,水平井沿任意方向钻进时井壁应力场的拟三维解析解。进而分析了页岩和砂岩水平井井壁上任意岩石质点3个主应力的分布规律,分析表明,与地层力学性质各向同性条件相比,力学性质各向异性时,井壁上任意岩石质点的第一主应力 没有改变,而第二主应力 和第三主应力 发生了改变,岩石力学性质各向异性度越大,主应力 和 改变越大,岩石力学性质高各向异性度增加了井壁可能发生张性破裂的点数。研究成果可为横观各向同性地层水平井水力裂缝起裂以及井壁稳定性分析提供参考。     

横观各向同性层状场地受水平圆盘状简谐荷载时的响应分析

文章利用文献[1]中所推导的环形荷载作用下,横观各向同性层状场地的位移响应公式,将它们沿径向进行积分,给出了横观各向同性层状场地对圆盘状简谐荷载位移响应的一般形式,并举例说明各种参数对这些响应的影响     

非均质空间各向同性的技术创新扩散模型研究

通过对非均质空间条件下扩散介质随机游动模型的推导,构造了非均质空间－－三维空间各向同性的技术创新扩散模型,并对模型中变量确定、应用方法进行了讨论,同时基于此模型对技术创新空间扩散进行了计算机模拟,验证了模型的合理性。     

夹有软弱土层的层状场地对入射SH 波的响应分析

采用横观各向同性层状弹性体模型模拟半空间上部的层状场地,根据在ＳＨ波入射时这种场地的动力刚度矩阵及基岩输入运动场地响应的计算公式,对夹有软弱土层的层状场地的响应进行了计算,计算结果表明,夹有软弱土层的层状场地与一般的层状场地的频谱特性有明显的区别,但并非总是减小场地的响应,在某些频率处其响应甚至要超过后者,这一点应引起注意。     

一种提取横向各向同性介质中速度参数的方法

根据横向各向同性介质中Ｐ波和ＳＶ波的相速度公式,在沿垂直对称轴贩近似条件下,讨论了提取ＴＩ介质中速度参数的方法,所给出的公式可以用常规的动校正速度分析方法及相应的软件实现。实际中,小井源距多波ＶＳＰ观测的直达波满足这种沿垂直对称轴方向的近似条件,因此本方法具有重要的实际意义。     

Preparation of isotropic submicron spherical boron nitride particles by restricted template method

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has received considerable attention, due to its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation. However, the intrinsic platelike structure with the strong anisotropic property restricts its applications, and it is necessary to synthesize isotropic spherical h-BN particles (SP-BNs) with submicron size. Till now, methods to prepare (SP-BN) still exist problems, such as high oxygen impurities and pollution, generated by the ammonia and pyrolysis of precursors. Here, a relatively green reaction between the restricted template of carbon nanospheres and boron trioxide (B₂O₃) under elevated temperature is conducted, and the SP-BNs with an average diameter of 200–300 nm (named Nano-BN-s) have been successfully synthesized. Comprehensive scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction characterizations confirm the obtained products are spherical boron nitride. With the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared, the reaction mechanism is briefly discussed. These results indicate the reaction occurs on the restricted template of carbon nanospheres, and the C atoms are substituted by B and N atoms as the reaction progress, forming the Nano-BN-s. What is more, the restricted template method plays a key role in the design and improves h-BN-based materials in the future and may also be extended to form other novel materials.     

Ein elasto‐plastisches Materialmodell zur realistischen Berechnung der Verformungen mechanisch überhöhter Stahl‐ und Verbundträger

Zur anteiligen Kompensation der Verformungen von Stahl‐ und Verbundträgern werden diese häufig überhöht eingebaut. Wird die Überhöhung durch eine mechanische Beanspruchung (Boxen) aufgebracht, so besitzt der Stahlträger bereits im Einbauzustand plastische Dehnungen. Wie von Grages in [3] gezeigt, führt dies bei der Rückbelastung zu einer Abnahme der Steifigkeit. Dieses Phänomen ist auch als Bauschinger‐Effekt [2] bekannt und kann bei praktischen Verformungsberechnungen zu einer Unterschätzung der tatsächlich auftretenden Deformationen führen. In dem aktuellen Aufsatz wird ein ratenunabhängiges elasto‐plastisches Materialmodell mit linearer und nichtlinearer isotroper sowie nichtlinearer kinematischer Verfestigung vorgestellt, welches eine realistische Abschätzung der Verformungen erlaubt. Das gezeigte Materialmodell ist durch die geringe Anzahl an Eingangsparametern sehr einfach anwendbar. Eine gezielte Anpassung der einzelnen Parameter wird in anschaulicher Form dargestellt. Die Qualität des Modells wird anhand der Nachrechnung von in [3] durchgeführten Versuchen überprüft. An elasto‐plastic material model for realistic calculation of the deformations of mechanical cambered steel‐ and composite girders. Steel and composite girders are often cambered before they are embedded into structures to compensate deflections. In case of a mechanical pre‐deformation via a hydraulic press the steel girder contains plastic strains before assembly. As shown by Grages [3] this leads to a reduction of stiffness and strength during reverse loading. This phenomenon is also known as the Bauschinger‐Effect [2] and may lead to an underestimation of the real deformation during a structural analysis. In this paper a rate‐independent elastoplastic material model with linear and nonlinear isotropic as well as nonlinear kinematic hardening is introduced which allows a realistic estimation of deformations. The material model presented can be easily applied due to its low number of parameters. A straightforward algorithm to adjust the single parameters is described. The quality of the model is verified by a recalculation of experimental data from [3].     

Entropically Driven Fabrication of Binary Superlattices Assembled from Polymer-Tethered Nanocubes and Nanospheres

The spontaneous organization of two types of nanoparticles (NPs) with different shapes or properties into binary nanoparticle superlattices (BNSLs) with different configurations has recently attracted significant attention due to the coupling or synergistic effect of the two types of NPs, providing an efficient and general route for designing new functional materials and devices. Here, this work reports the co-assembly of polystyrene (PS) tethered anisotropic gold nanocubes (AuNCs@PS) and isotropic gold NPs (AuNPs@PS) via an emulsion-interface self-assembly strategy. The distributions and arrangements of the AuNCs and spherical AuNPs in the BNSLs can be precisely controlled by adjusting the effective size ratio (λ_eff) of the effective diameter (d_eff) of the embedded spherical AuNPs to the polymer gap size (L) between the neighboring AuNCs. λ_eff determines not only the change of the conformational entropy of the grafted polymer chains (∆S_con) but also the mixing entropy (∆S_mix) of the two types of NPs. During the co-assembly process, ∆S_mix tends to be as high as possible, and the −∆S_con tends to be as low as possible, leading to free energy minimization. As a result, well-defined BNSLs with controllable distributions of spherical and cubic NPs can be obtained by tuning λ_eff. This strategy can also be applied for other NPs with different shapes and atomic properties, thus largely enriching the BNSL library and enabling the fabrication of multifunctional BNSLs, which have potential applications in photothermal therapy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and catalysis.