导弹武器全寿命周期成本分析与控制策略

随着科学技术的进步,各种武器装备在变得越来越先进的同时,其用于包括研制、生产、使用和维护在内的全寿命周期成本也变得越来越高。针对以导弹为例的各类武器装备成本居高不下的问题,总结调研了国内外相关成本分析与控制方法,对导弹武器装备进行了全寿命周期的成本分析,提出了导弹武器的全寿命周期成本管控综合策略与效费权衡思路,并从总体方案设计、元器件选型优化、生产制造三个主要方面提出了降低导弹武器成本的具体方法与措施,可为类似武器装备成本分析与控制研究或研制项目提供参考。     

Intergranular glassy phase free SiC ceramics retains strength at 1500 °C

We report SiC ceramics sintered with AlN and Sc₂O₃ (or Lu₂O₃) that retain room temperature strength to 1500 °C. The intergranular glassy phase has not been observed in the ceramics due to a designed-sintering additive and, thus, the unsatisfactory effect of glassy phases on the high temperature strength is eliminated.     

毫米波MIMO系统中稀疏度自适应的压缩感知信道估计

利用毫米波MIMO系统的稀疏特性,信道估计可以转化为稀疏信号重构的问题。解决毫米波MIMO稀疏信道估计问题时,传统的OMP方法需要信号的稀疏度作为先验信息,实际系统难以满足此需要。文中引入StOMP算法,根据信号已知的稀疏先验信息确定阈值,并结合动态的阈值调整,提出一种新的StOMP-D算法,实现了稀疏度自适应的毫米波MIMO信道估计。仿真结果表明,所提的方法与传统的LS方法比较,信道估计性能显著提高,并且与稀疏度已知的OMP方法性能十分接近,在稀疏度未知时有明显的优势。     

曲线交叠外推的微动多目标宽带分辨算法

针对传统的微多普勒特征提取技术难以解决多目标分辨和微动参数估计这一问题,该文针对进动多目标,提出一种曲线交叠外推的微动多目标宽带分辨算法。该算法以各个滤波数据点间的相对距离为准则,结合各曲线的历史斜率信息,对交叠点后的点迹进行外推估计,实现各个分量信号微动曲线的区分关联。在此基础上,通过分析各曲线的微动特性差异实现多目标分辨。仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性和稳定性。     

自适应SA-PSO优化的威布尔混合分布参数估计方法及应用

针对采用传统参数估计方法得到的模型拟合误差较大的问题，建立多重威布尔混合分布参数估计的非线性最小二乘模型，并提出基于模拟退火（SA）思想的自适应粒子群（PSO）算法进行求解。在PSO算法优化过程中，采用自适应方法调整惯性权重和加速因子，加快其收敛速度；引入模拟退火机制，根据Metropolis准则确定最优粒子的取舍，改善其全局搜索能力。将该方法应用到某型柴油机喷油器失效分布的参数估计中，并与图解法、基于Levenberg-Marquardt的非线性最小二乘法、标准PSO算法、自适应PSO算法求解的结果进行比较，分析所提方法的优化性能及精度。结果表明，该方法能够有效提高多重威布尔混合分布模型参数估计的精度和效率。     

Crystal anisotropy-dependent shear angle variation in orthogonal cutting of single crystalline copper

Shear deformation that dominates elementary chip formation in metal cutting greatly relies on crystal anisotropy. In the present work we investigate the influence of crystallographic orientation on shear angle in ultra-precision orthogonal diamond cutting of single crystalline copper by joint crystal plasticity finite element simulations and in-situ experiments integrated in scanning electron microscope. In particular, the experimental cutting conditions including a straight cutting edge are the same with that used in the 2D finite element simulations. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate a well agreement in chip profile and shear angle, as well as their dependence on crystallography. A series of finite element simulations of orthogonal cutting along different cutting directions for a specific crystallographic orientation are further performed, and predicated values of shear angle are used to calibrate an extended analytical model of shear angle based on the Ernst–Merchant relationship.     

Influence of impurities on hot-rolled molybdenum for high temperature applications

Refractory metals are crucial for high-temperature applications such as fusion reactors. However, no systematic research has been reported for the influence of the impurities in refectory metals, especially at high temperatures. Our goal is an investigation of the influence of dissolved impurities on the recrystallization behavior of hot-rolled molybdenum (Mo). Two sets of 80%-rolled Mo plates with different purity levels pure Mo and non-pure Mo with the content of impurities, O, C, N, etc. are analyzed. Both isothermal and isochronous annealing experiments demonstrated that the impurities resulted in a reduction of recrystallization temperature and acceleration of texture transformation in a Mo plate. The recrystallization temperature of as-rolled non-pure Mo is about 100 °C lower than that of pure Mo. EBSD results show deformed γ-fiber texture gets weakened while {001}〈110〉 component gets strengthened at 1250 °C for pure Mo and 1150 °C for non-pure Mo, leading to the destabilization of fibrous grains. The XRD and TEM results reveal that the dislocation density of as-rolled non-pure Mo is ~2.4 times that of pure Mo. This discovery deviates from the conventional understanding of impurities or second phase particles in metals, providing better practical knowledge and opportunities to establish the technical parameters of refractory metals for high temperatures applications.     

非调制双色红外测温误差实时补偿方法研究

针对环境温度变化对双色红外测温准确度的影响,基于双色比色红外测温原理,分析了非调制双色红外测温的误差来源,提出一种新的快门式非调制双色红外测温方法。在光路中增加快门及其控制模块,控制快门闭合,将测得系统偏移作为补偿项,补偿实际测温时因温度变化给测量带来的误差。仿真结果表明,在600～1 100℃的测温范围内,长时间使用的无快门非调制红外双色测温的精度严重劣化,而快门式非调制双色红外测温的准确度大幅提高,可达到±0.5%。     

基于高光谱图像解混的海洋绿藻检测算法

提出了一种基于线性混合模型的高光谱图像绿藻面积估计算法。利用端元提取算法,自动获取图像中绿藻端元的光谱曲线,根据得到的端元及原始图像,通过全约束最小二乘算法,求得绿藻端元的丰度图,丰度图作为绿藻面积的估计结果。算法能够有效克服由于高光谱图像分辨率不足造成的绿藻面积估计不准确的问题,实现亚像素水平的绿藻面积估计。利用2013年6月29日获取的GOCI传感器获取的8波段光谱图像展开实验,计算得到当日绿藻覆盖面积为321 km2,与HJ-1B卫星的实测结果高度接近,相比于NDVI等传统算法具有明显优势。方法为绿藻灾害预警和监测提供了一条新的解决思路和技术途径,具有较高的应用价值。     

一种同步语言多线程代码自动生成工具

随着安全关键系统对计算性能要求的日趋提高,能够提供更强计算能力而又减少电子设备的体积、重量和功耗的多核处理器将在安全关键领域得到广泛应用.同步语言能够表达确定性并发行为且具有精确时间语义等特性,适用于安全关键软件的建模和验证.目前,同步语言SIGNAL编译器主要支持串行代码生成,较少关注多线程代码生成.提出一种同步语言SIGNAL多线程代码生成工具.首先将SIGNAL程序转换为经过时钟演算的S-CGA中间程序;之后将S-CGA中间程序转换为时钟数据依赖图以分析依赖关系;然后对时钟数据依赖图进行拓扑排序划分,并针对划分结果提出优化算法和基于流水线方式的任务划分方法;最后将划分结果转换为虚拟多线程结构并进一步生成可执行多线程C/Java代码.通过在多核处理器上的实验,验证了所提方法的有效性.