企业如何建立可持续发展战略

简介“可持续发展战略”的来由和我国的具体要求,介绍国外企业可持续发展的动态,提出５点建议供企业参考。     

华北平原地下水资源承载力评价

华北平原地下水严重超采,并带来一系列资源环境问题,地下水资源承载力的可持续性面临严重挑战。本研究定义了地下水资源承载力的概念,提出了一种定量评价地下水承载力的新方法,并对华北平原地下水承载力进行了评价。结果表明,华北平原地区地下水资源支撑的GDP从2003年的15 608.18亿元迅速提高到2011年的37 584.9亿元,33.3%的地市位于未超采未超载区;华北平原整体及57.2%的地市均位于超采未超载区,已发生地下水超采,但通过提高用水效率,未来社会经济规模仍有发展空间;9.5%的地市位于超采超载区。最后探讨地下水资源的承载力的提高途径,主要包括增加地下水资源可利用量和提高用水效率两方面,其中提高用水效率效果更显著。     

近40年来中国西北内陆5个典型湖泊面积变化遥感分析

在全球气候变暖的背景下,研究中国西北内陆地区湖泊的面积变化不仅对水资源管理和可持续发展战略有着重要意义,也为评价气候变化与人类活动对湖泊的影响提供参考。以中国西北内陆区5个典型湖泊为研究对象,利用1970-2015年的Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI影像数据,利用归一化差异水体指数(Normalized Difference Water Index,NDWI)和改进型归一化差异水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index,MNDWI)分别提取5个典型湖泊边界并获取湖泊面积,同时利用5个典型湖泊周边的气象站降雨量、蒸发量等气象数据,尝试分析湖泊面积发生变化的原因。结果表明:红碱淖近30年来面积呈减小趋势,入湖河流拦蓄和煤炭地下开采等是导致面积减少的原因;博斯腾湖近40年来的面积呈先增加后减少的趋势,其面积变化主要受地表径流和积雪融水的影响;呼伦湖近40年来面积呈减少的趋势,其面积变化主要受入湖径流量的影响;贝尔湖近30年来呈相对稳定的趋势,其面积变化主要入湖径流量的影响;青海湖近40年来面积呈现先减小后增大的趋势,其面积变化主要受区域降水和入湖径流量的影响。     

新合纤品种开发和市场展望

概述了世界新合纤品种开发现状；介绍了中国石化总公司开发的新合纤技术；分析了我国新合纤市场前景；最后为我国开发新合纤提出了具体的建议。     

The effect of fertilizer placement on nitrogen uptake and yield of wheat and maize in Chinese loess soils

Field trials were carried out to study the fate of¹⁵N-labelled urea applied to summer maize and winter wheat in loess soils in Shaanxi Province, north-west China. In the maize experiment, nitrogen was applied at rates of 0 or 210 kg N ha^–1, either as a surface application, mixed uniformly with the top 0.15 m of soil, or placed in holes 0.1 m deep adjacent to each plant and then covered with soil. In the wheat experiment, nitrogen was applied at rates of 0, 75 or 150 kg N ha^–1, either to the surface, or incorporated by mixing with the top 0.15 m, or placed in a band at 0.15 m depth. Measurements were made of crop N uptake, residual fertilizer N and soil mineral N. The total above-ground dry matter yield of maize varied between 7.6 and 11.9 t ha^–1. The crop recovery of fertilizer N following point placement was 25% of that applied, which was higher than that from the surface application (18%) or incorporation by mixing (18%). The total grain yield of wheat varied between 4.3 and 4.7 t ha^–1. In the surface applications, the recovery of fertilizer-derived nitrogen (25%) was considerably lower than that from the mixing treatments and banded placements (33 and 36%). The fertilizer N application rate had a significant effect on grain and total dry matter yield, as well as on total N uptake and grain N contents. The main mechanism for loss of N appeared to be by ammonia volatilization, rather than leaching. High mineral N concentrations remained in the soil at harvest, following both crops, demonstrating a potential for significant reductions in N application rates without associated loss in yield.     

Internet Studies and Development Discourses: The Cases of China and India

This paper investigates Internet studies in two leading developing countries (i.e. China and India) and finds that the Chinese scholarly community relies on the discourse of liberation from the state as a form of critique, whereas Indian Internet studies question the discourse of modernization to contemplate about the success and failure factors of information and communication technologies in development. The difference generally reflects the academic responses to the development discourses embraced by the two governments. We suggest that Internet studies should not only respond to the realities but also transcend the contextual constraints to direct attention to the often neglected dimensions of development, which are to make actual impacts through allowing the people and the communities to define their own development discourses as well as building research institutions that are oriented to influence policy-making.     

我国腈纶市场现状分析及启示

分析了我国腈纶生产市场现状和未来的应用领域，结合世界发展动向，提出了发展我国腈纶生产的建议。     

大型高温浓硫酸液下泵及熔融硫磺泵的开发与应用

近十几年来,随着硫磺制酸装置单线生产能力不断扩大、干吸工序低温热的回收利用和装备国产化的要求,介绍了干吸工序输送循环酸的高温浓硫酸液下泵和熔硫工序熔融硫磺泵的设计标准、技术特点、材料选择等。经使用证实,它们都满足了长期、稳定运行的要求。     

我国"入世"对石油石化业的承诺及主要应对措施

介绍了我国加入WTO后，与石油石化业直接相关的具体承诺，重点研究了中国石油石化业为应对这些承诺所采取的主要措施。     

变化环境下“中华水塔”水资源及产流规律变化分析研究

受全球气候变暖的影响,“中华水塔”地区正面临着以“变暖变湿”为主的气候变化。受气候及下垫面条件的综合影响,区域水资源显著增加,各流域产流机理在空间上呈现出明显的地区差异特征。基于“中华水塔”区域1956—2020年水文气象资料,通过趋势、突变、距平等分析方法,分析其水文要素和产流规律的变化趋势、特征及相互之间影响关系。结果表明：近年来“中华水塔”区域气温显著升高,蒸发能力总体增强,区域进入丰水期,降水、径流显著增加,在同等降水径流尺度下,黄河源区产流能力有所降低,长江、澜沧江源区产流能力明显增强;气温升高、降水量持续偏丰以及流域前期影响雨量（蓄水量）增加、枯季径流比例提高、下垫面生态持水能力增强是引起区域产流规律变化、水资源量增加的主要原因。