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排序方式: 共有143条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
61.
Convolutional sparse coding is an interesting alternative to standard sparse coding in modeling shift-invariant signals, giving impressive results for example in unsupervised learning of visual features. In state-of-the-art methods, the most time-consuming parts include inversion of a linear operator related to convolution. In this article we show how these inversions can be computed non-iteratively in the Fourier domain using the matrix inversion lemma. This greatly speeds up computation and makes convolutional sparse coding computationally feasible even for large problems. The algorithm is derived in three variants, one of them especially suitable for parallel implementation. We demonstrate algorithms on two-dimensional image data but all results hold for signals of arbitrary dimension. 相似文献
62.
Bayesian sparse solutions to linear inverse problems with non-stationary noise with Student-t priors
Bayesian approach has become a commonly used method for inverse problems arising in signal and image processing. One of the main advantages of the Bayesian approach is the possibility to propose unsupervised methods where the likelihood and prior model parameters can be estimated jointly with the main unknowns. In this paper, we propose to consider linear inverse problems in which the noise may be non-stationary and where we are looking for a sparse solution. To consider both of these requirements, we propose to use Student-t prior model both for the noise of the forward model and the unknown signal or image. The main interest of the Student-t prior model is its Infinite Gaussian Scale Mixture (IGSM) property. Using the resulted hierarchical prior models we obtain a joint posterior probability distribution of the unknowns of interest (input signal or image) and their associated hidden variables. To be able to propose practical methods, we use either a Joint Maximum A Posteriori (JMAP) estimator or an appropriate Variational Bayesian Approximation (VBA) technique to compute the Posterior Mean (PM) values. The proposed method is applied in many inverse problems such as deconvolution, image restoration and computed tomography. In this paper, we show only some results in signal deconvolution and in periodic components estimation of some biological signals related to circadian clock dynamics for cancer studies. 相似文献
63.
Eliminating wellbore storage (WBS) effects inherent in pressure transient data is one of the challenges in well test analysis. The available WBS-removal techniques are either direct or time-consuming approaches. The direct methods are mostly unstable and require accurate data with almost no noise. However, well test data often have noise in both rate and pressure measurements.This work discusses the development of a stable technique to overcome the shortcomings in the available WBS-removal methods. The technique presented here takes advantage of the recently developed stable deconvolution algorithms (e.g. von Schroeter algorithm) to achieve a stable WBS-removal process. The developed approach provides longer WBS-free reservoir response signal (extended over the entire test duration) than the previous methods. In addition, the approach introduced here can remove WBS-effects in noisy data and does not require sandface rate measurements.Different simulated and field examples were used to validate the proposed approach. The examples included data with different levels of rate and pressure measurement errors and covered wide variety of well/reservoir models. The available approaches were implemented to the same examples. A comparison of the results shows the superiority of the approach presented in this paper. 相似文献
64.
Film cooling is an important technique allowing to increase the thermal efficiency of gas turbines. By blowing cool air through an array of small holes in the turbine blades a thin fluid film is set up shielding the blades from the hot gas arriving from the combustion chamber.This work presents a Large-Eddy Simulation of a particular film-cooling configuration known to provide a high level of effectiveness. It incorporates spanwise rows of holes which, by pairwise combination, generate a so-called anti-kidney-vortex. The simulation setup employs the Navier–Stokes code NSMB for compressible flow including the Approximate Deconvolution Model for subgrid turbulence modeling, the Synthetic-Eddy Method for turbulent inflow generation and reflection-reducing outflow boundary conditions. The setup is first validated by simulations of standard flat-plate turbulent boundary-layer flow without blowing. Results of the film-cooling simulation are then compared with related experimental data. They show reasonable agreement of the cooling effectiveness and temperature distribution, thus confirming the validity of the simulation approach which will be used in future studies of film cooling. 相似文献
65.
Extraction of the first bolus passage in dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion measurements 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Object The processing of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion measurements requires an extraction of the first bolus passage
of the injected contrast agent. State-of-the-art methods employ the fit of a gamma variate function to the measured data.
The use of a gamma variate function is motivated by its shape similarity to the expected relaxation rate time-course during
the first bolus passage. However, the quality of this result is strongly influenced by the amount of overlap of the first
and second bolus passage. In this work we present an alternative, data-driven method for the extraction of the first bolus
passage from a measured relaxation time-course.
Materials and methods By using prior knowledge of the injection function, the measured time-courses can be transformed to time-courses that would
occur at a shorter injection duration where the two bolus passages have less overlap. This time-course is found by Tikhonov
regularized deconvolution of the measured time-courses with an injection function that bases on the measurement protocol.
A minimum search yields the cut-off point at which the first bolus can be extrapolated to zero. The gamma variate fit is performed
using Powells algorithm. The proposed approach is compared to the gamma variate fit approach using simulations and an exemplary
dataset from one healthy volunteer.
Results The new method performs comparably stable as the gamma variate function fit approach in simulations. Both methods are superior
to a simple exponential extrapolation approach. Applied to volunteer data, the new method performs much faster than the gamma
variate fit approach. The results obtained from both methods correspond well.
Conclusion The new method offers a conceptual understanding of the first bolus passage and yields similar results to the gamma variate
function fit approach but performs much faster. 相似文献
66.
《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(5):533-543
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to compare the in vitro dissolution profile of a new rapidly absorbed paracetamol tablet containing sodium bicarbonate (PS) with that of a conventional paracetamol tablet (P), and to relate these by deconvolution and mapping to in vivo release. The dissolution methods used include the standard procedure described in the USP monograph for paracetamol tablets, employing buffer at pH 5.8 or 0.05 M HCl at stirrer speeds between 10 and 50 rpm. The mapping process was developed and implemented in Microsoft Excel® worksheets that iteratively calculated the optimal values of scale and shape factors which linked in vivo time to in vitro time. The in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was carried out simultaneously for both formulations to produce common mapping factors. The USP method, using buffer at pH 5.8, demonstrated no difference between the two products. However, using an acidic medium the rate of dissolution of P but not of PS decreased with decreasing stirrer speed. A significant correlation (r = 0.773; p<.00001) was established between in vivo release and in vitro dissolution using the profiles obtained with 0.05 M HCl and a stirrer speed of 30 rpm. The scale factor for optimal simultaneous IVIVC in the fasting state was 2.54 and the shape factor was 0.16; corresponding values for mapping in the fed state were 3.37 and 0.13 (implying a larger in vitro–in vivo time difference but reduced shape difference in the fed state). The current IVIVC explains, in part, the observed in vivo variability of the two products. The approach to mapping may also be extended to different batches of these products, to predict the impact of any changes of in vitro dissolution on in vivo release and plasma drug concentration–time profiles. 相似文献
67.
C. Tiplitz 《技术计量学》2013,55(4):522-524
Instrument performance evaluation is generally based on accuracy and repeatability, with the test process consisting of observations of known or standard events. The data are then reduced by various manipulations. This paper will show how to simplify such manipulations when the observation is the reciprocal of the desired event. In addition, it will show that the error introduced is negligible under certain easily tested conditions. 相似文献
68.
P.J. TADROUS 《Journal of microscopy》2010,237(2):192-199
This paper addresses the problem of 3D deconvolution of through focus widefield microscope datasets (Z‐stacks). One of the most difficult stages in brightfield deconvolution is finding the point spread function. A theoretically calculated point spread function (called a ‘synthetic PSF’ in this paper) requires foreknowledge of many system parameters and still gives only approximate results. A point spread function measured from a sub‐resolution bead suffers from low signal‐to‐noise ratio, compounded in the brightfield setting (by contrast to fluorescence) by absorptive, refractive and dispersal effects. This paper describes a method of point spread function estimation based on measurements of a Z‐stack through a thin sample. This Z‐stack is deconvolved by an idealized point spread function derived from the same Z‐stack to yield a point spread function of high signal‐to‐noise ratio that is also inherently tailored to the imaging system. The theory is validated by a practical experiment comparing the non‐blind 3D deconvolution of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the point spread function generated using the method presented in this paper (called the ‘extracted PSF’) to a synthetic point spread function. Restoration of both high‐ and low‐contrast brightfield structures is achieved with fewer artefacts using the extracted point spread function obtained with this method. Furthermore the deconvolution progresses further (more iterations are allowed before the error function reaches its nadir) with the extracted point spread function compared to the synthetic point spread function indicating that the extracted point spread function is a better fit to the brightfield deconvolution model than the synthetic point spread function. 相似文献
69.
70.
Harshaw6600热释光量系统是当今比较先进和完善一套外照射个人剂量监测系统本文简单介绍了该系统组成,描述了系统的使用方法,根据多年的使用经验,着重总结分的了系统了刻度方法,剂量估算方法,热释光发曲线解仪器的日常维护与故障检测。 相似文献