3-UPU并联机构的运动学仿真与分析

为了提高并联机构的设计效率和准确性,以3-UPU型三平动并联机构为研究对象,对其进行运动学位置正逆解仿真与分析。在ADAMS环境下,得出该机构位置正逆解的仿真曲线。运用MATLAB作出其理论位置逆解曲线并与仿真位置逆解曲线相比较,验证了仿真位置逆解的正确性。将仿真逆解曲线以样条驱动函数形式输入给该机构,得出样条驱动函数下的位置正解曲线并与仿真位置正解曲线相比较,验证了仿真位置正解的正确性。说明了该并联机构的理论数学模型与仿真实体模型的正确性与合理性,为后续的控制提供理论依据。     

大跨度石拱桥的全桥结构仿真分析研究

阐述了全桥结构仿真分析的基本思路。结合丹河新桥这一世界最大跨度石拱桥的实例 ,详细介绍了如何建立由多种单元组合而成 ,包括上部结构、下部结构和地基在内的全桥结构仿真分析模型 ,并借助上述模型 ,进行了结构分析计算。计算结果表明 :全桥结构仿真分析技术在大跨度石拱桥的分析计算中 ,能得到较传统计算理论更加详尽和精确的结果 ,有着良好的应用前景     

Simulating the impacts of policy scenarios on the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects

Sustainable development principles have been implemented in various sectors including the construction industry since it was published in the Brundtland Commission Report in 1987. In line with this development, implementation of infrastructure construction projects has been given particular attention as they have more significant impacts on the environment, society and economy. It is considered that proper development and operation of infrastructure projects such as highways can contribute significantly to the mission of sustainable development. However, there is little existing work to provide appropriate methods to assess the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects. The study described in this paper introduces a simulation model, using system dynamics principle, to evaluate the sustainability performance of highway infrastructure projects during the construction and operation stage. The study introduces the indicators which measure the sustainability performance of highway projects and identifies the dynamic factors affecting indicator performance by referring to the relevant feasibility studies of highway projects. A real highway project is presented to demonstrate the application of the simulation model in evaluating the sustainability performance of the project. The case study is used to explore the solutions for improving those poor sustainability performance areas through policy scenarios.     

Impact of soft logic on the probabilistic duration of construction projects

Current probabilistic scheduling models are based on a single network and assume the sequences (or links or logic) between activities to be fixed. However, some links may be changeable or soft. The presence of a soft link from one activity to another indicates that the execution of these activities has several alternative sequences. This study simulates the duration of an example project by considering uncertain activity durations and probabilistic soft links. The simulated results are compared with those obtained by the program evaluation and review technique (PERT) and three other simulation-based models. The comparisons reveal that the results generated by a simulation are close to those of PERT when the simulation incorporates soft logic. Practical lessons learned by activating soft logic also are discussed.     

Comparing zonal and CFD model predictions of isothermal indoor airflows to experimental data

It is inappropriate to use the assumption of instantaneously well-mixed zones to model airflows and pollutant transport in large indoor spaces. We investigate two approaches for describing the details of airflows in large indoor spaces, for accuracy and suitability for integration with multi-zone infiltration models. One approach, called the zonal method, was developed over the last 15 years to provide an improvement over the well-mixed assumption. The second approach is the use of a computational fluid dynamics simulation using a coarse grid model of the large indoor space. We compare velocity predictions from different formulations of zonal methods and coarse-grid k-epsilon computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, to measurements, in a 2D mechanically ventilated isothermal room. Our results suggest that, when airflow details are required, coarse-grid CFD is a better-suited method to predict airflows in large indoor spaces coupled with complex multi-zone buildings, than are the zonal methods. Based on the comparison of pressure predictions from different models, we offer guidance regarding the coupling of a model of detailed airflow in large spaces to algebraic multi-zone infiltration models.     

Sensitivity analysis of steel plane frames with initial imperfections

The article presents the sensitivity and statistical analyses of the load-carrying capacity of a steel portal frame. It elaborates a typical stability problem of a system comprising two single-storey columns loaded in compression. The elements of this system mutually influence each other, and this fact, in conjunction with the random imperfections, influences the load-carrying capacity variance. This mutual interaction is analysed using the Sobol’ sensitivity analysis. The Sobol’ sensitivity analysis is applied to identify the dominant input random imperfections and their higher order interaction effects on the load-carrying capacity. Majority of imperfections were considered according to the results of experimental research. Realizations of initial imperfections were simulated applying the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. The geometrical nonlinear solution providing numerical result per run was employed. The frame was meshed using beam elements. The columns of the plane frame are considered with two variants of boundary conditions. The dependence between mean and design load-carrying capacities and column non-dimensional slenderness is analysed.     

Continuity-based model interfacing for plant-wide simulation: a general approach

In plant-wide simulation studies of wastewater treatment facilities, often existing models from different origin need to be coupled. However, as these submodels are likely to contain different state variables, their coupling is not straightforward. The continuity-based interfacing method (CBIM) provides a general framework to construct model interfaces for models of wastewater systems, taking into account conservation principles. In this contribution, the CBIM approach is applied to study the effect of sludge digestion reject water treatment with a SHARON-Anammox process on a plant-wide scale. Separate models were available for the SHARON process and for the Anammox process. The Benchmark simulation model no. 2 (BSM2) is used to simulate the behaviour of the complete WWTP including sludge digestion. The CBIM approach is followed to develop three different model interfaces. At the same time, the generally applicable CBIM approach was further refined and particular issues when coupling models in which pH is considered as a state variable, are pointed out.     

地下水污染数值模拟中的样条4方法

采用三次样条函数方法中的样条４方法，对地下水污染中的水动力弥散方程进行求解，并在一维问题中与解析解进行了比较，结果表明，样条４方法在地下水污染数值模拟中，对抑制数值弥散是一种有效的好方法。     

A reference model of fire detection and monitoring system using BACnet

The objective of this paper is to introduce a reference model of BACnet-based fire detection and monitoring system using MS/TP and ARCNET protocols. The reference model is designed to satisfy the requirements of response time, survivability and flexibility. The reference model is operated on the basis of BACnet, a standard communication protocol for building automation systems. In this study, a simulator for the reference model of fire detection and monitoring system was developed. Using the simulator, this study examined the validity of the reference model proposed in this study. This study also evaluated the performance of the BACnet-based fire detection and monitoring system in terms of network-induced delay. Simulation results show that the reference model satisfies the requirements of fire detection and monitoring system.     

采暖系统使用水银温度计室温测试误差及校正

通过建立室温测试动态模型及仿真，得出必要的测试时间。模拟了外温、测试室温、窗墙比和真实室温之间关系并给出修正图。为提高测试精度，提出和模拟降低误差方法。