Garlic Oil Suppressed the Hematological Disorders Induced by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Tumor‐Bearing Mice

Although the anticancer effects of garlic and its products have been demonstrated by a variety of studies; however, few studies were conducted to investigate the effects of garlic on the adverse effects of chemo/radiotherapy. In order to clarify the above question and make a more comprehensive understanding of the anticancer effects of garlic, tumor xenograft mice model was established by subcutaneous injection of H22 tumor cells, and was used for the investigation of effects of garlic oil (GO) on the chemo/radiotherapy. In the chemotherapy test, tumor‐bearing mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) or CTX plus GO (25 or 50 mg/kg bw) for 14 d, while the mice received a single 5 Gy total body radiation or radiation plus GO (25 or 50 mg/kg bw) in radiotherapy test. The results showed that GO did not increase the tumor inhibitory rate of CTX/radiation, which indicated that GO could not enhance the chemo/radiosensitivity of cancer cells. However, the decrease of the peripheral total white blood cells (WBCs) count induced by CTX/radiation was significantly suppressed by GO cotreatment. Furthermore, GO cotreatment significantly inhibited the decrease of the DNA contents and the micronuclei ratio of the bone marrow. Lastly, the reduction of the endogenous spleen colonies induced by CTX/radiation was significantly suppressed by GO cotreatment. These findings support the idea that GO consumption may benefit for the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy.     

LAMS对胃癌细胞化疗的增敏作用

目的:探讨LAMS对胃癌细胞化疗的增敏作用。方法:RT-PCR及免疫组化法测定LAMS作用胃癌细胞前后Bcl-2基因蛋白含量;MTT法分别测定5-Fu、MTX、MMC、EPI、CTX与LAMS联合及单独作用胃癌细胞的ID50以及有效作用时间。结果:LAMS使胃癌细胞Bcl-2 mR-NA及基因蛋白表达下降,使胃癌细胞对5-Fu、MTX、MMC、EPI、CTX的敏感度增加、有效作用时间延长。结论:LAMS可有效地增加胃癌细胞对5-Fu、MTX、MMC、EPI、CTX的敏感性。     

艾易舒注射液合并化疗治疗乳腺癌的疗效观察

目的:应用艾易舒注射液治疗乳腺癌术后患者并观察其临床疗效。方法:选择我院确诊为乳腺癌术后患者62例,随机分为治疗组(33例)和对照组(29例),治疗组应用艾易舒注射液50ml加入生理盐水250ml静脉点滴及常规化疗,对照组仅给予常规化疗,3个周期后比较两组CA153值、TSGF的变化及近期疗效、不良反应等指标的差异性。结果:治疗组CAl53及TSGF数值治疗后下降显著,阳性例数远远低于对照组;两组的近期疗效无显著差异,但治疗组的不良反应明显低于对照组。结论:艾易舒注射液在一定程度上可以预防转移和复发,具有抗癌作用。     

消化道系统癌症患者化疗依从性调查及其影响因素的研究

目的: 探讨消化道系统癌症患者化疗依从性与其一般状况、化疗期症状、情绪体验及心理弹性的关系。方法: 采用一般资料调查表、安德森症状评估量表,癌症患者化疗依从性问卷和心理弹性量表对165例消化道系统癌症化疗患者进行调查。结果: (1)消化道系统癌症患者化疗依从性评分为（14.551±7.402）分;其化疗依从性受年龄、医疗支付方式、是否参与锻炼3个因素的影响（P<0.05）。(2)患者化疗依从性评分与安德森症状评估总分呈正相关（r＝0.812）,与心理弹性量表总分呈负相关（r＝-0.177）;(3)患者的安德森症状评估和心理弹性总分及其2个因子分进入其化疗依从性的多元回归方程。结论: 患者化疗期症状、情绪体验和心理弹性水平是影响其化疗依从性的重要因素,需要医护人员及相关部门采取有效的应对措施以提高患者化疗依从性。     

A Low‐Toxic Multifunctional Nanoplatform Based on Cu9S5@mSiO2 Core‐Shell Nanocomposites: Combining Photothermal‐ and Chemotherapies with Infrared Thermal Imaging for Cancer Treatment

Copper chalcogenides have been demonstrated to be a promising photothermal agent due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency, synthetic simplicity, and low cost. However, the hydrophobic and less biocompatible characteristics associated with their synthetic processes hamper widely biological applications. An alternative strategy for improving hydrophilicity and biocompatibility is to coat the copper chalcogenide nanomaterials with silica shell. Herein, the rational preparation design results in successful coating mesoporous silica (mSiO₂) on as‐synthesized Cu₉S₅ nanocrystals, forming Cu₉S₅@mSiO₂‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures. As‐prepared Cu₉S₅@mSiO₂‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures show low cytotoxicity and excellent blood compatibility, and are effectively employed for photothermal ablation of cancer cells and infrared thermal imaging. Moreover, anticancer drug of doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded Cu₉S₅@mSiO₂‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures show pH sensitive release profile and are therefore beneficial to delivery of DOX into cancer cells for chemotherapy. Importantly, the combination of photothermal‐ and chemotherapies demonstrates better effects of therapy on cancer treatment than individual therapy approaches in vitro and in vivo.     

Nanoparticles of Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide)-d-a-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate Random Copolymer for Cancer Treatment

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies could provide potential solutions. In this research, a novel biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-d-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS) random copolymer was synthesized from lactide, glycolide and d-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) by ring-opening polymerization using stannous octoate as catalyst. The obtained random copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR, FTIR, GPC and TGA. The docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles made of PLGA-TPGS copolymer were prepared by a modified solvent extraction/evaporation method. The nanoparticles were then characterized by various state-of-the-art techniques. The results revealed that the size of PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles was around 250 nm. The docetaxel-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles could achieve much faster drug release in comparison with PLGA nanoparticles. In vitro cellular uptakes of such nanoparticles were investigated by CLSM, demonstrating the fluorescence PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles could be internalized by human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa). The results also indicated that PLGA-TPGS-based nanoparticles were biocompatible, and the docetaxel-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles had significant cytotoxicity against Hela cells. The cytotoxicity against HeLa cells for PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles was in time- and concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, PLGA-TPGS random copolymer could be acted as a novel and promising biocompatible polymeric matrix material applicable to nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy.     

NMNAT1 Is a Survival Factor in Actinomycin D-Induced Osteosarcoma Cell Death

Osteosarcoma is a frequent and extremely aggressive type of pediatric cancer. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. Our previous results suggest that NMNAT1, a key enzyme in nuclear NAD⁺ synthesis, facilitates the survival of cisplatin-treated osteosarcoma cells. A high-throughput cytotoxicity screening was performed to identify novel pathways or compounds linked to the cancer-promoting role of NMNAT1. Nine compounds caused higher toxicity in the NMNAT1 KO U2OS cells compared to their wild type counterparts, and actinomycin D (ActD) was the most potent. ActD-treatment of NMNAT1 KO cells increased caspase activity and secondary necrosis. The reduced NAD⁺ content in NMNAT1 KO cells was further decreased by ActD, which partially inhibited NAD⁺-dependent enzymes, including the DNA nick sensor enzyme PARP1 and the NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Impaired PARP1 activity increased DNA damage in ActD-treated NMNAT1 knockout cells, while SIRT1 impairment increased acetylation of the p53 protein, causing the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (NOXA, BAX). Proliferation was decreased through both PARP- and SIRT-dependent pathways. On the one hand, PARP inhibitors sensitized wild type but not NMNAT1 KO cells to ActD-induced anti-clonogenic effects; on the other hand, over-acetylated p53 induced the expression of the anti-proliferative p21 protein leading to cell cycle arrest. Based on our results, NMNAT1 acts as a survival factor in ActD-treated osteosarcoma cells. By inhibiting both PARP1- and SIRT1-dependent cellular pathways, NMNAT1 inhibition can be a promising new tool in osteosarcoma chemotherapy.     

动脉化疗栓塞治疗晚期贲门癌临床观察

目的:探讨动脉灌注化疗联合栓塞治疗晚期贲门癌的临床疗效。方法: 60例晚期贲门癌患者随机分为2组,即动脉灌注化疗联合栓塞组(治疗组,n=30)和静脉化疗组(对照组,n=30)。两组均采用相同化疗方案分别行动脉灌注化疗联合栓塞或静脉化疗,按WHO疗效评定标准评价近期疗效及观察患者临床症状改善情况。结果: 治疗组和对照组相比较,近期有效率显著增加(P<0.01),且临床症状改善明显。结论:动脉化疗联合栓塞治疗可以提高晚期贲门癌患者近期疗效并改善患者临床症状,可作为晚期贲门癌的一种有效治疗方法。