Seismic response analysis of structures with velocity-dependent dampers

This paper is concerned with seismic response analysis of structures with velocity-dependent passive energy dissipation devices, such as viscous and viscoelastic dampers. The modeling of a damper-brace component composed of a viscous or viscoelastic damper connecting with braces in series is presented. Several key parameters influencing the energy dissipation efficiency of such dampers in the damper-brace component are investigated and the relationships of the parameters and efficiency of the dampers are established. An equivalent model for the passive energy dissipation system is developed, which can significantly simplify the dynamic analysis of structures with the velocity-dependent dampers. The seismic responses of a single-story structure and a multi-story structure with the viscous and viscoelastic dampers are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the passive energy dissipation devices for suppression of dynamic responses of structures and the reliability of the proposed simplified computational methods.     

Recent research on stimulated emission depletion microscopy for reducing photobleaching

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a useful tool in investigation for super‐resolution realm. By silencing the peripheral fluorophores of the excited spot, leaving only the very centre zone vigorous for fluorescence, the effective point spread function (PSF) could be immensely squeezed and subcellular structures, such as organelles, become discernable. Nevertheless, because of the low cross‐section of stimulated emission and the short fluorescence lifetime, the depletion power density has to be extremely higher than the excitation power density and molecules are exposed in high risk of photobleaching. The existence of photobleaching greatly limits the research of STED in achieving higher resolution and more delicate imaging quality, as well as long‐term and dynamic observation. Since the first experimental implementation of STED microscopy, researchers have lift out variety of methods and techniques to alleviate the problem. This paper would present some researches via conventional methods which have been explored and utilised relatively thoroughly, such as fast scanning, time‐gating, two‐photon excitation (TPE), triplet relaxation (T‐Rex) and background suppression. Alternatively, several up‐to‐date techniques, especially adaptive illumination, would also be unveiled for discussion in this paper. The contrast and discussion of these modalities would play an important role in ameliorating the research of STED microscopy.     

路面谱函数对车桥耦合随机振动敏感性分析

将桥梁离散为梁单元,车辆简化为两自由度车模型,基于虚拟激励法建立车桥耦合随机振动模型。分别以GB7031谱、Wang谱及ISO谱三种路面不平顺谱函数作为不平顺激励输入,研究路面谱函数对简支梁桥及车辆振动响应的影响。分析三种路面功率谱对桥梁竖向振动响应的影响,研究不同路面谱函数作用下车速对桥梁振动响应的敏感性及车辆振动对路面谱函数的敏感性。研究结果表明:三种路面谱函数引起的简支梁桥跨中竖向位移均方根曲线形状相似;路面谱与车桥耦合共同作用,桥梁及车辆共振频率出现在桥梁一阶频率处;ISO谱引起的车辆振动响应受车速变化敏感性较弱,但桥梁振动响应受车速影响敏感性较强;GB7031谱和Wang谱引起车辆和桥梁的动力响应及频率特性接近,GB7031谱计算结果略大于Wang谱。     

深沟球轴承复合故障动力学特征

为提高状态监测水平,诊断和识别轴承的早期故障,降低因轴承故障导致的损失, 针对径向载荷作用下复合故障激励的滚动轴承振动机理的复杂性问题,基于Hertz接触理论,考虑复合故障、轴和轴承座与轴承之间的耦合激励、时变位移激励和滚动体滑动等因素,提出了4自由度复合故障深沟球轴承动力学模型. 模型描述了滚动体在滚道表面上的接触和运动,探究了轴承表面复合故障激励机理,分析了3种工况条件下滚动轴承复合故障对系统动力学振动响应的影响,为轴承状态监测和诊断提供了理论依据. 实验和模拟研究结果表明,复合故障的振动响应是由内、外圈单故障的振动响应耦合作用的结果,在频谱图中可以明显地分辨出内、外圈故障特征频率及倍频成分,与单故障相比较,其对应的幅值增大. 缺陷尺寸增大、转速增高和载荷增强均会使复合故障轴承的振动幅值增大,影响其运行状态,进而加速轴承的失效,降低轴承的使用寿命.     

微谐振梁的激振与拾振研究

主要研究静电激励/电容拾振硅微谐振梁的激振拾振问题,推导谐振梁的激振与响应的等效数学模型,分析谐振梁的同频干扰问题,建立其等效电路模型,提出一种基于双端激励/双端检测的结构,能够有效的抑制干扰模态和消除同频信号干扰.     

不同激发功率下碳纤维的拉曼光谱研究

采用激光共聚焦拉曼技术获得聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的拉曼光谱,分析了碳纤维拉曼特征峰在不同的激发功率下的变化。通过Gaussian-Lorentz混合函数拟合得到了不同激发功率下碳纤维拉曼特征峰的拉曼位移、半高宽和R值。研究发现,随着激发功率的增大,碳纤维的拉曼特征峰向低波数方向移动。激发功率在3.8 mW以内,对碳纤维的拉曼位移和半高宽影响较小;激发功率不超过3.2 mW,R值基本保持不变。研究还发现,在较高的激发功率下,碳纤维表面发生了无定形态向结晶态的转变,石墨微晶尺寸有所增大,碳纤维局部表面结构遭到破坏。     

大型原点反共振振动筛的初步设计

针对传统大型振动筛筛箱侧帮易断裂,参振质量大,隔振效果差等问题,提出了将反共振理论用于振动筛的设计理念,建立了反共振振动筛的力学模型,并进行动力学分析,得到筛箱和下质体稳态时的响应振幅,通过绘制双质体系统的幅频特性曲线得到反共振振动筛的激振频率。利用Solidworks软件对反共振振动筛进行三维建模,完成了大型原点反共振振动筛的初步设计。结果表明:可调激振器位置的斜面设计使激振力通过上质体质心,保证了筛箱的正常工作。由圆柱形螺旋弹簧组成的弹簧座连接上、下质体及地面,保证了系统所需弹性系数;通过应用PID控制技术监控上下质体振幅,并改变激振频率来稳定上、下质体振幅,实现原点反共振振动筛振幅的稳定性控制。     

增强剂对磷石膏免烧建材的性能影响研究

磷石膏胶凝性较差,阻碍了其在建材领域的资源化利用。通过研究碱激发预处理后磷石膏的物相与微观结构,并掺入增强剂制备了高掺量高抗压强度免烧建材。结果表明：当增强剂添加量为3 mL时,试件强度大大提高,7、28 d与浸水后强度分别为13.75、28.30、17.56 MPa,与空白样相比,7、28 d与浸水后强度增长率分别为62.3%、62.0%、36.8%,并且试件密度最大为2.42 g/cm³,吸水率最小为11.10%,无泛霜。同时28 d试件内部结构致密性较好、孔隙率小,且二水硫酸钙（CaSO₄·2H₂O）峰强较低,CaSO₄·2H₂O主晶相结构变弱,结晶度差,有利于提高石膏试件的强度和致密性,从而优化免烧建材的力学性能。     

Fuzzy‐sliding mode control of nonlinear smart base‐isolated building under earthquake excitation

In this paper, the effectiveness of the fuzzy sliding mode control strategy on three‐dimensional benchmark building with smart base isolation under seismic excitation has been examined. One of the appropriate control theories for such this nonlinear system is the sliding mode control theory; discontinuous sliding mode theory has weakness such as chattering phenomena. In this paper, we used a combination of fuzzy logic and sliding mode theory for the deletion of this defect. The proposed control theory has been scrutinized by applying on lately developed nonlinear three‐dimensional base‐isolated benchmark building. This building because of the three‐dimensional nature, coalescing of lateral and torsional responses, continuity of responses of the superstructure, and base is modeled with three degrees of freedom on every floor. In this building eight actuators assigned only at the base level and in the two directions (x, y). In other words, 16 actuators are located underneath the structure. Furthermore, the base isolation system has been modeled by considering lateral coupled equations for a better examination of the performance of the system. The results indicate that reduction of control performance is remarkable. Also, utilizing proposed control theory can decrease the responses of building in two main directions and, particularly, in the rotational degree of freedom.     

Adaptive tracking control of Euler–Lagrange systems with bounded controls

We solve the simultaneous closed‐loop identification and tracking‐control problems for fully‐actuated Euler–Lagrange systems under input constraints. We use a nonlinear adaptive controller reminiscent of computed‐torque‐type controllers in which linear correction terms are saturated in order to comply with the imposed bounds on the control inputs. Adaptation, reminiscent of gradient methods, is used also with saturation. With respect to related literature, our contribution consists in establishing uniform global asymptotic stability. Therefore, our control scheme ensures robustness with respect to bounded perturbations and uniform convergence of the estimation errors for any initial conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.