CONVERSATION ACTS IN TASK-ORIENTED SPOKEN DIALOGUE

A linguistic form's compositional, timeless meaning can be surrounded or even contradicted by various social, aesthetic, or analogistic companion meanings. This paper addresses a series of problems in the structure of spoken language discourse, including turn-taking and grounding . It views these processes as composed of fine-grained actions, which resemble speech acts both in resulting from a computational mechanism of planning and in having a rich relationship to the specific linguistic features which serve to indicate their presence. The resulting notion of Conversation Acts is more general than speech act theory, encompassing not only the traditional speech acts but turn-taking, grounding, and higher-level argumentation acts as well. Furthermore, the traditional speech acts in this scheme become fully joint actions, whose successful performance requires full listener participation. This paper presents a detailed analysis of spoken language dialogue. It shows the role of each class of conversation acts in discourse structure, and discusses how each class can be processed and recognized. Conversation acts, it will be seen, better account for the success of conversation than speech act theory alone. They also provide a pragmatic view of meaning in which the literal/non-literal distinction is simply irrelevant.     

Understanding unfamiliar words in young, young-old, and old-old adults: Inferential processing and the abstraction-deficit hypothesis.

Previous research suggests that older adults derive interpretations of unfamiliar words that are less precise than those of young adults (D. McGinnis & E. M. Zelinski, 2000). Thirty-one adults aged 18-37, 27 aged 65-74, and 28 aged 75-87 read passages containing unfamiliar words (1 per passage) and were asked to think aloud during reading. After reading each passage, participants selected meaning-relevant cues and rated the quality of 4 definition options. Compared with the 2 younger groups, the oldest group rated thematic and irrelevant definitions significantly higher, and their think-aloud protocols included more generalized inferences. Results pertaining to cue selection were not significant. Taken together, these results suggest that age differences in meaning derivation may be related to inferential processing that is overgeneralized, providing support for the abstraction-deficit hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Have it your way and mine: The theory of styles

Olsen is right to note what can be done with a good theory and the right machine. His particular theory, however, is not transferable to literary studies. If we need a new model, I would suggest that cognitive science can provide a few interesting ones. I have begun to do some work based on David Marr's VISION, in which he hypothesizes two levels of processing within the visual module. My speculation has been on the parallel existence of distinguishable levels of conceptual or language organization which would correspond to the viewer and object centered perspectives Marr describes for vision. I propose to explore the possibility that we may find here the model for the existence of stylistic individualism within overarching historical stylistic generalizations, and even more, that this may be what feminists are searching for when they try to resist being coopted by the masculine language of objectivity. Ellen Spolsky teaches English literature and literary theory and is the Director of the Lechter Institute for Literary Research at Bar-Ilan University, Israel. Her latest book is Gaps in Nature: Literary Interpretation and the Modular Mind(SUNY Press, 1993).     

浅析科技英语中词义的汉译

通过实例阐述了在进行科技英语的汉译时,只有根据原文的专业、行业、技术内容、词的本义和可能的引伸义,结合词的上下文语境,才能准确、恰当地确定英语词义的汉译。文章指出明白通畅、浅显易懂、准确的词义是科技英语汉译成功的基础。     

Deep Semantic Structure of Natural Language

This paper presents the result of research of deep structure of natural language. The main result attained is the existence of a deterministic mathematical model that relates phonetics to associated mental images starting from the simplest linguistic units in agreement with the human response to different acoustic stimuli. Moreover, there exists two level hierarchy for natural language understanding. The first level uncovers the conceptual meaning of linguistic units, and hence forming a corresponding mental image. At the second level the operational meaning is found to suit, context, pragmatics, and world knowledge. This agrees with our knowledge about human cognition. The resulting model is parallel, hierarchical but still concise to explain the speed of natural language understanding.     

差压式T型阿牛巴流量计的应用

介绍了测量氢气、氯气流量的意义及差压式T型阿牛巴流量计的基本结构、性能特点、应用情况及注意的问题。     

网络环境下英语广告翻译的思考

广告英语有别于普通英语,它的词汇简洁别致又富于创新。力图用最简洁、最准确的文字,为商品提供丰富的信息,使读者一目了然、过目不忘。由于商品市场竞争特别激烈,为了保证商品的广告可以最大限度的吸引人的眼球,广告撰写者总是选择新颖别致的词汇、简洁的语句和生动的修辞,以赢得消费者的喜爱。     

结节或包块型不典型肺结核CT影像特征及意义

目的：总结分析采用C T诊断结节或包块型不典型肺结核的影像资料表现。方法：在2013年2月到2015年2月期间,选取我院病理确诊的50例肺癌患者作为对照组,同时选取50例结节或包块型不典型肺结核患者作为观察组,对这两组患者采用CT诊断的影像表现进行分析。结果：观察组和对照组在CT影像中的分叶征、毛刺征、支气管充气征、空泡征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征以及增强扫描方面存在着明显差异（P＜0.05）,具有统计学意义。结论：对于结节或包块型不典型肺结核患者采用CT诊断过程中应注意与肺癌的区别,多种影像资料表现的综合分析有助于提高不典型肺结核的诊断率。     

辽东含硼岩系条痕状角闪混合岩特征及其找矿意义

痕状角闪混合岩与其围岩变（浅）粒岩为渐变过渡关系.并呈现一些特殊的结构构造.其岩石化学成份变化波动性较大,说明岩石化学成分不稳定,与矿化含量的不稳定性一致.其特殊的岩石化学组成显示为混合岩特征.条痕状角闪混合岩石稀土总量ΣREE的平均值为207.18 ppm;（Ce/ΣY平均值为3.25;La/Yb为平均值为 6.48,δEu平均为 0.48,Eu/Sm平均值为0.16.这些特点与里尔峪组的各种变（浅）粒岩相似,是层状混合花岗岩.