外加电磁场对金属材料摩擦副摩擦学性能影响的研究进展

外加电磁场是改善摩擦副摩擦学性能的途径之一。从外加电磁场对位错运动的促进、接触表面氧化的增强和磨屑的细化氧化3个方面,综述了电磁场对金属材料摩擦副摩擦学性能改善的机理,介绍了外加电磁场类型、磁场强度、磁场施加方向、磁场频率以及摩擦副材料的磁导率大小及差异、外加磁性颗粒尺度对摩擦副摩擦磨损的影响,指出了未来电磁场抗磨减摩的研究方向。     

柱塞泵配流副滑摩界面摩擦磨损及热力耦合分析

针对轴向柱塞泵配流副滑摩过程中由摩擦温升所引起的摩擦磨损问题,建立配流副轴对称非稳态热传导方程,利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行配流副摩擦磨损及热力耦合特性分析,并利用端面摩擦磨损试验机进行试验验证。结果表明:在滑摩初期,相比于中低压力,高压力工况更易发生磨粒磨损;随着滑摩进行,材料表面粗糙峰被磨平,加之温度上升,材料强度下降,高转速取代高压力成为接触面温度和摩擦系数增大的主要影响因素,此时的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损;在滑摩过程中,外径出现了应力集中现象,且接触压力高于内径;转速及压力对配流副摩擦温升及磨损特性的影响是非线性的,在相同PV值下,转速比压力的影响更为显著。     

纳米坡缕石/铜复合材料对钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能

采用化学还原法和球磨共混添加法制备了纳米坡缕石/铜（P/Cu）复合材料,采用粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对复合纳米粒子的粒度和形貌进行表征。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同纳米P/Cu添加量和不同P与Cu配比的复合粉体作为润滑油添加剂对高副钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）对摩擦表面进行形貌、元素性能分析。结果表明,所制备的纳米P/Cu粒径基本小于100 nm,分散稳定性良好,在纳米P/Cu为1wt%且P：Cu＝3：1（质量比）添加量下表现出最优的摩擦学性能,其钢球磨斑直径比基础油的减小了20.7%。纳米P/Cu可在摩擦表面生成含Mg、Al、Si和Cu等元素的自修复膜,补偿摩擦磨损且使摩擦表面变光滑。     

不同Ti含量的W-Ti-N复合膜的微结构及性能研究

采用多靶反应磁控溅射技术制备一系列不同Ti含量的W-Ti-N复合膜。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、纳米压痕仪等检测方法对薄膜的微结构和力学性能进行表征。采用UMT-2功能摩擦试验机,在室温、大气环境、无润滑的条件下对W-Ti-N复合膜的摩擦性能进行评价,同时,探讨薄膜的致硬机理和摩擦机制。结果表明:Ti含量(原子分数,下同)为5%~23.48%时,薄膜硬度处于峰值区,硬度值最高可达39GPa,摩擦因数在0.4左右。当Ti含量高于23.48%时,硬度随着Ti含量增加而下降,摩擦因数随Ti含量的增加而升高。     

Effects of environment on dry sliding wear behavior of silver–copper based composites containing tungsten disulfide

Silver based composites containing different amounts of WS₂ were prepared by hot-pressing method and their tribological behaviors were investigated against coin silver under humid air, dry nitrogen and vacuum on a ball-on-disk tester with normal load of 5 N. The components of composites, microstructure of debris and worn surface were characterized using XRD SEM, EDS and XPS. It is demonstrated that environmental conditions significantly affect the tribological behavior of silver based composites. The friction coefficient is the highest in humid air, and the lowest in dry nitrogen. It is found that the friction and wear behavior of the composites are strongly depended on the characteristics of the lubrication film forming in different operating environments, such as thickness and composition. In addition, it is indicated that the dominant wear mechanisms of silver based composites are abrasive wear and delamination under different conditions.     

洋葱状富勒烯的制备及摩擦性能研究

通过水下电弧放电法制备出洋葱状富勒烯(OLFs).采用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了OLFs的晶体结构和形貌,并通过热重(TGA)考察了OLFs的热稳定性.在MRS-10A型四球摩擦试验机上测试了OLFs作为长城牌SE级15W-40汽油机油添加剂的摩擦性能.结果表明,所制备的OLFs具有较高的石墨化程度,直径约25nm,外形呈球状并具有一定的空心结构;在空气中的热稳定性维持到600℃以上.在不同的质量分数和载荷下,OLFs作为润滑油添加剂在减摩性能上均优于碳纳米管(CNTs).     

Tribological Performance of Two Potential Environmentally Friendly Ashless Vegetable Oil Additives

Two potential novel environmentally friendly ashless vegetable oil additives, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives, di-n-dodecyl-[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)thio]ethylborane (LBN) and di-n-dodecylthio-[2-(2-benzothiazolyl) thio]ethylborane (LBNS), were synthesized and their tribological performance as additives in rapeseed oil (RSO) was evaluated using a four-ball wear tester. Their anti-corrosive properties and thermal stability were also examined. The worn surface of the steel ball was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives exhibited excellent anti-corrosive property and high thermal stability. Moreover, they both had good load-carrying capacities and anti-wear and friction-reducing properties. The PB values of samples decreased in the following order: LBNS> LBN>RSO. The results of XPS examination illustrated that the excellent tribological behavior of the prepared compounds used as additives in RSO was attributed to the formation of a protective lubrication film on the worn surface, which consisted of an adsorption layer and a reaction layer containing Fe3O4, FeS, Fe2(SO4)3, FeB, and organic nitrogen-containing compounds.     

压力对空间对接摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过粉末冶金方法制备了铜基摩擦材料,在经技术改进后的MM-1000摩擦试验机上对其在不同压力下的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,结果表明:随着压力的增大,材料的摩擦系数呈降低趋势,在真空中的摩擦系数小于大气中的摩擦系数;真空中材料的摩擦系数稳定度高于大气环境中的,材料的磨损随压力的变化在两种环境下呈现出相反的变化形式。摩擦表面形成的摩擦膜对材料的摩擦磨损性能具有重要的影响;随着压力的增大,材料在真空中的磨损机理由以磨粒磨损为主逐渐转变为以黏着磨损为主。     

表面修饰银纳米颗粒的制备及摩擦学性能

以3-氨基-1,2,4-二噻唑-5-硫酮(ADTT)和均苯四甲酸酐为原料,在四氢呋喃溶液中,70℃下酰胺化反应合成了2,5-二(5-硫酮-1,2,4-二噻唑-3-甲酰胺基)-对苯二甲酸(BtdyTA),收率74%。以NaBH4为还原剂,在AgNO3水溶液中用液相化学还原法合成了表面修饰BtdyTA的银纳米颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外转换光谱仪(FTIR)和热分析仪(TG)对纳米颗粒的形貌、结构和热稳定性进行了表征,并在四球摩擦试验机上测试了表面修饰银纳米颗粒的抗摩减磨性能。结果表明,表面修饰的银纳米颗粒粒径分布均匀,平均粒径10nm左右,无团聚现象;在质量分数不大于5%时,可较好分散于液体石蜡等有机溶剂中,作为一种新的基础润滑油添加剂,可使摩擦系数减小32%,最小磨斑直径减小39%。     

活塞环表面Cr/CrN纳米多层膜的微观结构

为改善发动机活塞环的摩擦学性能,提高其使用寿命,采用多弧离子镀技术在活塞环表面制备了Cr/CrN纳米多层膜.采用x 射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、俄歇能谱仪（AES）、纳米硬度仪和CETR摩擦磨损试验机,系统分析了不同调制周期Cr/CrN纳米多层膜的微观结构、成分分布、纳米硬度和抗滑动磨损性能.结果表明：Cr/CrN多层膜由CrN、Cr2N和Cr相组成,在CrN（200）方向上出现择优取向.随调制周期的减小,多层膜的硬度和残余应力增大,当调制周期为80nm时,多层膜的硬度值最高达到21.5GPa;当调制周期为120nm时,H³/E²值达到最高,此时划痕临界载荷值最高.根据摩擦磨损试验结果可知,与电镀Cr和CrN涂层相比,Cr/CrN多层膜具有相对较好的抗滑动磨损性能,其磨损机制主要以磨粒磨损为主,有可能替代原活塞环Cr电镀层.