Geo- and Hydro-Mechanical Evaluation of Slope Failure Induced by Torrential Rains in Northern-Kyushu Area,July 2009

Torrential rainfall in mid-July 2009 triggered numerous geodisasters such as slope failure and debris flow in Chugoku and Northern Kyushu areas of Japan. A number of slope failures and debris flows occurred in Yamaguchi and Fukuoka prefectures resulting in extensive damage to human life and infrastructure. One of the most serious geodisasters included a slope failure followed by debris flow at Sasaguri-machi and Fukuchi-machi, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. This paper summarizes the results of geotechnical investigations on the geodisaster sites in Fukuoka prefecture. The geotechnical investigation included determining a series of grain size distributions, consistency limits and conducting direct box shear tests for collapsed soils collected at six disaster sites. The generation mechanisms of slope failure followed by debris flow were also investigated by analyzing the precipitation, topography, geology, and strength properties of the collapsed soils. Moreover, slope deformation and stability analyses were coupled with an unsaturated-saturated seepage analysis to investigate the slope failure mechanism. The main findings from the study are summarized as: The physical properties, such as the grain size distribution, the plastic limit and liquid limit of collapsed soils, are summarized and compared with the results of other failure slopes in the literature. The collapsed soil was characterized as being a well grained soil (the uniformity coefficient >50) and highly weathered (the ignition loss >5%), however, with regard to the liquid limit and plastic index, there were no remarkable findings. The original shear strength for collapsed soils with natural water content is relatively large and slope failure doesn't occur because the cohesion in the shear strength is induced by a suction force between the soil particles under unsaturated condition. However, water seepage into the soil induces a drastic decrease in the shear strength, which is mainly caused by a decrease in cohesion (losing suction) resulting from soil saturation. In addition, the drained/undrained condition in the shear process is also sensitive to shear strength. For example, both water seepage and the shear process with constant volume cause an approximate 30% reduction in shear strength for Fukuchi-machi and Sasaguri-machi soil samples. Therefore, the reduction of cohesive strength due to water seepage and the low permeability of the slope are the parameters which trigger geodisaster. Based on the results of slope deformation and a stability analyses which took the change in water pressure and cohesive strength into account, the geodisaster at Fukuchi-machi was simulated, it is reasonable to assume that the shallow failure near the top of slope occurred due to torrential precipitation of about 100 mm per hour which triggered a debris flow.     

Ultrahigh compressive strength and heat resistance of polystyrene/polyphenylene oxide foams of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming

Polystyrene (PS) foam materials are lightweight, but suffer from poor compressive strength and heat resistance, among other problems, which limit their application. Herein, a method for preparing PS foam with high compressive strength and high heat resistance using supercritical CO₂ is proposed. PS/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends were prepared using a corotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder. The results showed that PPO exhibited excellent molecular-level compatibility with PS, which substantially improved mechanical properties and heat resistance of PS. Foam samples of PS/PPO blends with the same expansion ratio were prepared via batch foaming experiments, and the compressive strength of different foams was determined at different temperatures. At room temperature, the compressive strength of the PS/PPO-30% foam increased by 173% compared with pure PS foam. As the testing temperature increased from 30 to 120°C, the compressive strength of pure PS foams decreased rapidly. Nevertheless, PS/PPO foams maintained high compressive strength at high temperatures.     

网格计算技术及其在石油勘探开发中的应用前景

网格计算已经成为信息技术发展的一个重要方向。通过网格计算技术，可以全面实现信息共享、数据共享、存储共享、计算资源共享、软件资源共享、知识共享和协同工作。首先阐述了网格计算的概念，介绍了网格计算技术在国内外的研究和应用现状；然后对中国国家网格从建设目标、建设现状、软件体系结构等几方面进行了概述；最后介绍了网格计算技术在石油勘探开发中的应用现状，并对未来发展进行了展望。     

盐穴储库油水界面测量系统的软件设计

油水界面数据采集软件是基于自行研发的储气库油水界面仪而设计的，可实时、连续采集来自可编程电源的电流、电压信号，实时输出油水界面的深度，从而起到动态监控油水界面位置的功能。文章详细介绍了谊软件的硬件基础、设计思想、结构、主要功能和控制流程等方面的内容，对相关数据采集系统的开发具有一定的参考价值。     

同步泵浦声光调Q全固态脉冲激光器

本文首次提出了同步泵浦声光调Q全固态脉冲激光器，分析了其基本理论，设计并实现了这种新型激光器。它克服了现有小型全固态脉冲激光器存在寄生多脉冲和峰值功率还不够高的缺点，用2W LD的泵浦时，得到了重复频率为4．5kHz、峰值功率为6kW、脉宽为18ns、无寄生脉冲的连续脉冲激光输出，可以较好地满足激光测距和激光雷达对此类激光器性能的要求。本文对实验方案、设备和结果进行了详细的描述。     

关于异黄酮类化合物精制方法的探讨

简单介绍了异黄酮类化合物的结构、性质，着重对吸附法、超滤膜法、溶剂提取（萃取）法、色谱法、重结晶法等异黄酮精制方法的特点和应用情况进行了综述。     

发酵液中植酸酶活性测定方法的研究

以钒钼法对发酵液中植酸酶活性进行了测定,并对影响酶活性测定结果的因素进行了研究.实验结果表明,钒钒法测磷的灵敏度和线性范围分别为0.025mmol/L和0.025mmol/L～0.6mmol/L;为减小植酸酶活性的测定误差,结果测定必须在颜色反应结束后的4h以内完成.研究中同时发现,发酵液含有的无机磷远远大于酶活测定产生的无机磷含量,直接用发酵液测得的植酸酶酶活是不可靠的.通过对透析2h的发酵液进行植酸酶酶活的测定,实验结果的最大相对偏差仅为7.1%.     

太阳能半导体空调制冷装置模块化实验研究

建立了以水为热交换媒介的太阳能热电模块制冷实验系统.系统配置了双位能量存储装置,用以储存昼夜温差能和太阳光电转换电能,以备无日照或日照不足时系统能够连续工作.热电制冷装置模块化,用以适应制冷功率变化较大的空间制冷,并在制冷启动与温度维持不同阶段实现较大功率的切入或撤出.制冷模块以半导体热电元件为核心,冷热端均以导热性能良好的紫铜作为热交换材料,以热容量较大的水作为冷却液和散热循环液.热交换装置采取集合散热冷却分流的集散一体化热交换系统.对制冷模块制冷性能进行了实验分析,并对制冷效果进行了模拟实验,实验结果基本达到了设计的预期.     

基于单片机的恒温水龙头设计

介绍了基于单片机的恒温水龙头的设计方法.针对传统冷热双联式水龙头手动调节水温,不能实现出水温度的精确控制等缺点,将单片机作为智能控制器应用于水龙头中.利用单片机检测DS18820采集到的水温,经过分析计算可控制冷热水入水比例,通过循环水系统将混水过程中未达温度的水重新注入加热装置的入水口,实现重复利用.该系统实现了双联式水龙头的精确调温,保证恒温用水的同时实现了高效节水,适用于各种恒温用水的场合,具有较高的应用价值.     

机器学习在食品工业中的应用

食品的质量安全是人类健康、社会稳定与发展的一个重要方面。确保食品的质量和安全是一个复杂且涉及多方面的问题,必须考虑食品加工的所有阶段,从种植和收获到储藏、运输、消费。将机器学习应用于食品加工领域可以大幅提高工作效率,保障食品的质量与安全。本文系统总结机器学习与深度学习模型,并详细阐述机器学习在食品领域,诸如图像识别、分级、质量检测和食品产业链中的应用。为机器学习在食品加工中的应用提供理论参考,以拓展食品科研人员的研究思路。