Sodium Chloride and Tripolyphosphate Effects on Physical and Quality Characteristics of Injected Pork Loins

Whole, boneless pork loins were needle-injected to a final concentration of up to 1.5% NaCl and/or 0.45% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) in a 4 × 4 factorial, randomized, complete block design. Percent weight gain, internal meat pH, purge loss, final product yield, cook loss, Warner-Bratzler shear, expressible moisture, and total moisture were determined. Response surface methodology was employed to create regression models and identify optimum ingredient parameters for each characteristic. NaCl and STPP improved weight gain, purge, final product yield, and moisture content. Predicted Warner-Bratzler shear was reduced approximately 50%. A salt-phosphate interaction was observed for weight gain, purge, cook loss, and expressible moisture.     

Influence of the degree of fusariosis on technological traits of wheat grain

The paper aims to enlarge the current knowledge about the dependence of technological traits of wheat grain on its degree of infestation (DI) with fusariosis. Samples of grain of four wheat cultivars were obtained from naturally grown crops (control) and from crops inoculated with Fusarium culmorum from which three degrees of kernel infestation were selected. Samples were determined for thousand kernels weight (TKW), total protein, starch and wet gluten (WG) contents, Hagberg falling number (HFN) and sedimentation value (SV). Content of protein and wet gluten showed higher values for moderately infested kernels (up to 15 and 25%, respectively, when compared to control grain) than for kernels lightly or heavily infested. All the remaining traits had values lower than that for control grain and showed a decrease with increasing DI. Decrease for the heaviest infestation was on average: 8, 29, 31 and 34% for starch, TKW, HFN and SV, respectively.     

Characterisation of potential health promoting lipids in the co-products of de-flossed milkweed

The floss and oil of the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) seeds are currently used to produce comforters/pillows and skin care products, respectively. As an outcome of these products, copious quantities co-products (pressed seed meal and pod biomass) are disposed of each year despite the presence of potential health benefitting lipids. The objective of this project was to determine the feasibility of developing the lipid fraction from of these co-products for the fast growing dietary human health market. Although certain types of lipids were affected by the extraction solvent used (hexane and diethyl ether) as were overall amounts, analysis of the each extract showed novel lipid profiles with several potential health benefitting agents present at levels comparable to or exceeding those present in other typically consumed dietary oils or food systems (vitamin E, carotenoids, sterols and unsaturated free fatty acids, particularly the both omega 7-fatty acids).     

Quality and antioxidant capacity of fresh‐cut apple wedges enriched with honey by vacuum impregnation

The effect of vacuum impregnation (VI) of fresh‐cut apple wedges with honey, in presence and absence of a browning inhibitor on physicochemical, sensory and antioxidant properties over 7 days of storage at 2–4 °C was studied. Infusion of wedges with honey resulted in very little weight change indicating loss of internal water and ingress of honey carbohydrates into the wedges, hence the correlation coefficients with soluble solids content (r = ?0.91) and dry matter (r = ?0.77). Water infused samples showed the highest water uptake resulting in an increase in weight of 30%. Browning (P < 0.001) and firmness (P < 0.001) of apple wedges were the quality parameters most affected by VI. Samples dipped in browning inhibitor prior AS1 showed slightly better performance than undipped wedges with regard to browning and firmness. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were significantly (P < 0.001) lower for honey infused apple wedges.     

分子蒸馏技术的应用现状

介绍了分子蒸馏技术在热敏性有机化合物的提纯，食品和药物的浓缩，资源回收，产品的后处理等方面的应用现状和在我国的发展情况。     

用三元络合物萃取-火焰原子吸收法测定食品中痕量镉

建立了一种测定食品中痕量镉的新方法.以茜素黄R和邻菲罗啉为螯合剂,以甲基异丁基甲酮为萃取剂,直接以有机相进样测定,提高了测定的选择性和灵敏度.考察了介质酸度、缓冲溶液及螯合剂的用量等对测定的影响,优化了测定条件.详细研究了常见元素对镉元素测定的干扰情况,用酒石酸钾钠做掩蔽剂,可以消除大量共存组分的影响.在最佳工作条件下,镉离子质量浓度在3.0×10-3 ～0.25 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为1.7×10-3 μg· mL-1,对0.2 μg· mL-1的镉标准溶液进行9次平行测定,相对标准偏差为1.1％,检出限低,重现性好.该法用于食品中镉的测定,结果满意.     

3种分子生物学技术在传统发酵食品微生物多样性研究中的应用

我国传统发酵食品具有悠久的历史,有各自独特的生产工艺,发酵过程涉及的微生物种类较多,赋予了传统发酵食品特有的风味与功能。近年来,随着传统发酵食品生产的现代化和产业化以及对食品安全的重视,传统发酵食品发酵过程中微生物的多样性和功能成为研究的热点。宏基因组学、基因芯片和实时定量PCR等分子生物学技术以微生物基因序列信息为基础,主要用于传统发酵食品发酵过程中微生物的多样性和功能的研究,由于它们具有工作量小、重现性高等优点,近年来已经较广泛地用于传统发酵食品微生物的研究中。本文综述这3种技术在传统发酵食品微生物多样性及功能研究中的应用进展,并介绍传统发酵食品微生物研究领域的发展趋势,以期为传统发酵食品发酵过程规律研究提供一定的参考。     

Effects of Potato Fiber and Potato‐Resistant Starch on Biomarkers of Colonic Health in Rats Fed Diets Containing Red Meat

Abstract: The effects of red meat consumption with and without fermentable carbohydrates on indices of large bowel health in rats were examined. Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed cellulose, potato fiber, or potato‐resistant starch diets containing 12% casein for 2 wk, then similar diets containing 25% cooked beef for 6 wk. After week 8, cecal and colonic microbiota composition, fermentation end‐products, colon structure, and colonocyte DNA damage were analyzed. Rats fed potato fiber had lower Bacteroides‐Prevotella‐Porphyromonas group compared to other diet groups. Colonic Bifidobacterium spp. and/or Lactobacillus spp. were higher in potato fiber and potato‐resistant starch diets than in the cellulose diet. Beneficial changes were observed in short‐chain fatty acid concentrations (acetic, butyric, and propionic acids) in rats fed potato fiber compared with rats fed cellulose. Phenol and p‐cresol concentrations were lower in the cecum and colon of rats fed potato fiber. An increase in goblet cells per crypt and longer crypts were found in the colon of rats fed potato fiber and potato‐resistant starch diets. Fermentable carbohydrates had no effect on colonic DNA damage. Dietary combinations of red meat with potato fiber or potato‐resistant starch have distinctive effects in the large bowel. Future studies are essential to examine the efficacy of different types of nondigestible carbohydrates in maintaining colonic health during long‐term consumption of high‐protein diets. Practical Application: Improved understanding of interactions between the food consumed and gut microbiota provides knowledge needed to make healthier food choices for large bowel health. The impact of red meat on large bowel health may be ameliorated by consuming with fermentable dietary fiber, a colonic energy source that produces less harmful by‐products than the microbial breakdown of colonic protein for energy. Developing functional red meat products with fermentable dietary fiber could be one way to promote a healthy and balanced macronutrient diet.