AM/SA反相微乳液聚合反应动力学研究

以油酸失水山梨醇酯Span80和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10为乳化剂，白油为连续介质，高活性过氧化二碳酸（2-乙基已基）酯（EHP）为引发剂，进行了丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠（AM/SA）反相微乳液共聚合反应。研究了单体总浓度[M]，引发剂浓度[I]，乳化剂浓度[E]对AM/SA反相微乳液聚合速率Rp和共聚物分子量M^-v的影响规律，得到Rp∞[M]^m[I]^0.65[E]^0.34,M^-v∞[M]^n[I]^-0.30[E]^-1.08，其中当[M]=3.21mol/L-6.42mol/L时，m=2.34,n=0.68，当[M]=1.28mol/L-3.33mol/L时，m=1.61,n=0.58,比较了不同单体浓度范围内AM/SA反相微乳液聚合速率。     

亲水性低黄变氨基改性硅微乳的合成

以D4和改性氨基硅烷偶联剂为原料，采用磺酸类催化剂和非离子型复合乳化剂，通过将预乳液滴入催化剂的水溶液的方法，制成了氨基改性硅微乳。预乳液的滴加速度对产品的透明度有很大影响；硅微乳具有良好的酸、碱、阴离子表面活性剂、离心、热稳定性，并可与荧光增白剂、还原性染料、活性染料同浴使用；用其整理的织物具有良好的亲水性和低黄变性。     

Influence of top‐section design and draft‐tube height on the performance of airlift bioreactors containing water‐in‐oil microemulsion

The mixing and mass transfer characteristics of draft‐tube airlift bioreactors (DTAB) for a water‐in‐kerosene microemulsion, as a cold model of petroleum biodesulfurization, were studied. Incomplete gas disengagement at the top‐section of the DTAB and hence high gas recirculation were obtained with the microemulsion system for all the top‐section configurations employed in the present study especially at the high airflow rates. The ratio (S) of the volumes of the riser and the downcomer to the top‐section together with the gas disengagement abilities of the gas separator were both found to affect the mixing performance of the DTAB employed for the microemulsion system. Increase in the draft‐tube height resulted in significant increase in the mixing time (t_m) and a slight increase in the overall volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k_La). Increase in the diameter of the top‐section and the height of the liquid above the draft‐tube led to a decrease in k_La, the latter effect being less prominent. New correlations were developed that predicted the mixing time and oxygen transfer coefficients obtained in the present work with reasonable accuracy. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

空间限制法制备纳米沸石的研究进展

综述了空间限制法在制备纳米沸石方面的应用,主要介绍了微乳法与反胶束法的机理及其在合成纳米沸石方面的应用,以及惰性介质空间限制法与水凝胶制约法在小晶粒沸石合成方面的研究现状。采用这些方法合成的纳米沸石粒径较小,且分布均匀,大小可调。另外还归纳了这3类空间限制法在纳米沸石合成中的共同特点,比较了其优缺点,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

微乳液膜萃取锌

采用油酸／丁醇／碳酸钠水溶液组成的微乳体系对水相中Zn^2＋进行萃取研究，考察了微乳体系组成，水相的pH值、膜水比、搅拌时间等实验参数对萃取率的影响．以及水相中NaCl盐度对微乳体系乳化的影响。实验结果表明：当油酸：丁醇：碳酸钠（1．0mol／L）=5：5：4（体积比），废水pH值在5．1～5．8之间．膜水比Rew为1：7，搅拌时间为6min时．Zn^2＋萃取率达到99．91％，由初始浓度500mg／L降至0．7mg／L，水相中NaCl含量为1．5g／L时．萃取过程中不存在溶胀现象。用盐酸调节pH值破乳．油相回用．实验结果证明5次回用后液膜萃取效果基本不变。     

15%三唑磷微乳剂配方研制及其田间药效

采用反相法研制15%三唑磷微乳剂,所得制剂在54℃下热贮14d分解率小于5%,室温下2a分解率小于5%,透明区域为-30~100℃,稀释稳定性及低温稳定性合格,药效优于20%三唑磷乳油。     

Study on hexaaluminate MnLaAl11O19-δcatalyst for catalytic combustive reaction of dimethyl ether as a new fuel

Study on catalytic combustive reaction of dimethyl ether as a new fuel was presented. Hexaaluminate catalysts were used to reduce ignition temperature so that dimethyl ether completely combusted at low temperature. Hexaaluminate catalysts MnLaAl11O19-δ were prepared by reverse microemulsion method. Crystalline phase and structure of the catalyst were analysed by means of TG-DTA, XRD and BET. The results show that the hexaalunminate is of magnetoplumbite structure when La is taken as mirror plane cation. Hexaalunminate phase is formed slowly via 1050 ℃ calcined for 4 h and it can keep hexaaluminate phase and high surface area of 48 m2·g-1 even calcined at 1200 ℃ for 2h. Catalytic activity of MnLaAl11O19-δ was tested in combustion reaction of dimethyl ether. It shows that hexaaluminate is of high activity with T 10% at 170 ℃ and almost 100% conversion at 370 ℃.     

SPan80-Tween60/白油/丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/H2O体系形成反相微乳液的研究

采用电导法和相体积法相结合，并借助相图、黏度、光学显微镜，研究了Span80-Tween60／白油／丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸钠／H2O体系形成反相微乳液的过程，以及表面活性剂Span80与Tween60质量比、温度、乙酸钠对体系形成反相微乳液区的影响。结果表明，体系中表面活性剂质量分数小于20％时，电导法与相体积法确定的反相微乳液区边界基本一致；表面活性剂质量分数大于20％时，两方法确定的反相微乳液区边界相差甚远。说明仅由电导率突变不能准确确定反相微乳液区的边界，必须与相体积法相结合来共同确定相区的边界。当质量比m(Span80)：m(Tween60)=13：7、温度为25～30℃、乙酸钠质量分数为2％时，体系能形成比较大的反相微乳液区，适合进行微乳液聚合。     

润滑油金属清净剂合成机理的剖析

结合润滑油清净剂合成机理以及微反应器理论的研究成果，认为清净剂合成中的过碱化反应机理与微反应器理论中渗透反应模型所描述的反应机理相一致。过碱化过程是利用有机酸生成的有机盐将水、促进剂、金属氢氧化物包裹起来形成反相胶束微粒（微反应器），二氧化碳通过渗透进入反相胶束微粒与金属氢氧化物反应得到纳米金属碳酸盐粒子的过程。利用微反应器理论对过碱化反应中各种因素的影响结果进行了分析，结果表明，清净剂过碱化反应过程中的现象可通过微反应器理论得到合理的解释。     

P（AM-co-AMPS反相微乳胶的制备及其驱油性能评价

以绘制的Span80/Tween80-Kerosene-AM/AMPS/H2O拟三元相图为依据,选择高单体质量分数微乳液体系,在引发剂用量为单体质量0.25%,反应温度为35℃的条件下,通过反相微乳液聚合反应,制得了P（AM-co-AMPS）质量分数为31.0%、相对分子质量为6.8×106的透明、稳定的P（AM-co-AMPS）反相微乳胶,并对其驱油性能进行了考察。结果表明,P（AM-co-AMPS）反相微乳胶与相对分子质量相当的PAM反相微乳胶的驱油性能相比较,P（AM-co-AMPS）反相微乳胶的驱油效率较高。