Adsorption‐concentration polarization model for ultrafiltration in mixed matrix membrane

Adsorption has been found to be significant in ultrafiltration by mixed matrix membrane. Removal of very low molecular weight solutes compared to the molecular weight cut off of the membrane is facilitated by adsorption. The modeling of the adsorption coupled with concentration polarization is presented based on the mathematical approach developed by Gekas et al. (Gekas et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1993;48:2753–2765), from the first principles. However, extensive modifications were included in theoretical development including those suggested by Ruiz‐Bevia et al. (Ruiz‐Bevia et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1997;52:2343–2352). The developed model captured the rejection dynamics with the help of retention factor. The model equations were solved under the framework of boundary layer analysis, using the integral approach. Effects of the adsorption isotherm and the different parameters affecting the system performance were also investigated. Further, experimental validation of the model results with two different mixed matrix ultrafiltration studies was also elucidated. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2354–2364, 2014     

外加压应力对Ti-35421合金钝化膜损伤修复影响的原位电化学研究

以Ti-35421(Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe)合金为研究对象,采用自制的钝化膜损伤修复原位电化学测试装置研究了模拟深海静水压力对Ti-35421合金经过Al₂O₃陶瓷刀划伤后钝化膜破裂损伤和自修复的原位电化学行为。Ti-35421合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的钝化平台为-0.27～0.01 V。在-0.13 V钝化电压条件下极化并进行划痕实验,无压应力作用时破损钝化膜发生快速修复。压应力增大导致原子间结合力降低,金属溶解速度增加,再钝化减缓,在原位电化学上表现为电流上升,电流回复时间增长,自修复能力减弱。再钝化过程中的暂态阶段钝化膜生长符合线性高场模型。观察划痕形貌发现压应力下划痕槽中出现微裂纹,说明较高压应力损伤作用下在划痕槽近表面产生应力集中,对合金产生的伤害部分不可修复。钝化膜破损加剧和自修复能力减弱是残余应力与环境腐蚀共同作用的结果。     

NBH-2.7自然循环电解槽改膜极距相关工艺

新疆中泰化学股份有限公司氯碱厂第1期1#、2#装置的改造证明：膜极距电解槽改造可以降低电耗,是一种工期短、回收成本快的节能技术.对北化机NBH-2.7自然循环槽改膜极距后,在极化电流、气相压力、控制槽温工艺等方面进行了优化控制及改进,延长了膜的使用寿命,达到节能和降低生产成本的目的.     

模拟古代铸铁在典型碱液中的电化学行为

通过动电位极化曲线法,在几种含不同氯离子浓度的典型碱性水溶液中研究了模拟古代灰口铸铁、白口铸铁的电化学行为。结果表明,在不同碱性溶液中同种铸铁试样对氯离子浓度的钝化/活化敏感性不同;不同材质的铸铁试样在相同溶液中对氯离子的敏感性也不相同。并且,对于同种溶质的碱性溶液,铸铁对氯离子的敏感性则随着溶液的pH值增加而降低。这一结果将为铁质文物脱盐除氯的终点判定提供重要的依据。     

Anodic process of stibnite in slurry electrolysis:The direct collision oxidation

Mineral oxidation leaching in the anode area is the key step in slurry electrolysis.By adopting the slow linear potential scanning method during slurry electrolysis,this study investigated the steady-state polarization curve of a pure stibnite mineral on a graphite anode.In addition,the influence of the mineral particle size,liquid-solid ratio,stirring speed,and temperature on the collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode was studied.Based on the different oxidation reactions,the potential range can be divided into three intervals:the low-potential interval with a potential lower than 0.75 V,an intermediate-potential interval with a potential within 0.75-1.2 V,and a high-potential interval with a potential higher than 1.2 V.The collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode occurred in all three intervals.The oxi-dation of Sb(Ⅲ) also appeared in the intermediate-and high-potential intervals,and chlorine evolution occurred in the high-potential interval.Therefore,the low-potential interval was determined to be a suit-able potential interval for the slurry electrolysis process.In the low-potential interval,the particle size,liquid-solid ratio,and stirring speed had little effect on the oxidation rate of the minerals.As the temper-ature increased,the stibnite oxidation rate and exchange current density increased.Overall,the direct collision oxidation rate of stibnite was relatively low and the current densities under all the investigated conditions were lower than 0.4 mA.cm-2.This indicates that it is difficult to realize industrial production while relying solely on this process.     

氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中涂层钢筋腐蚀的电化学特性

通过Z350电化学工作站,研究了氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中裸露钢筋和涂层钢筋在不同环境中的开路电位、极化电阻及腐蚀电流密度,并且利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对腐蚀产物进行分析.结果表明:锌美特(XMT)涂层在不同环境中可以很好地保护钢筋免受腐蚀,氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中涂层钢筋在水、氯盐溶液和硫酸盐溶液中的腐蚀电流密度是裸露钢筋的1/35,1/43和1/19;氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中裸露钢筋表面存在疏松多孔的层状和块状腐蚀产物,而涂层钢筋表面只存在点蚀.由此可见,XMT涂层对氯氧镁混凝土中的钢筋有一定的防腐效果.     

水热溶液pH值对AZ91D镁合金表面珍珠质涂层性能的影响

目的研究水热溶液pH值对AZ91D合金基体上珍珠质涂层的成分、形貌、抗腐蚀能力以及细胞相容性的影响。方法使用不同pH条件下(5.8、7、8.8、11.8)的水热反应溶液,在AZ91D基体上水热合成珍珠质涂层。利用XRD、XPS和SEM分析涂层的化学成分以及微观形貌。用电化学测量系统评估材料在模拟体液(Simulated Body Fluid,SBF)中的开路电位和极化曲线。通过细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8法)和拍摄细胞荧光照片,来检测珍珠质涂层的细胞相容性。结果珍珠质涂层的成分和形貌会随着水热反应溶液pH值的不同而发生明显的变化。电化学腐蚀试验证实,与空白对照试样相比,沉积有珍珠质涂层的样品的OCP值较高,其Jcorr值也减少了近10倍,Ecorr值向正电位方向移动。此外,弱碱性条件下所沉积涂层的耐蚀性最优,其Ecorr(vs.SCE)值提高了0.16V,Jcorr值降低了8.16?10–5A/cm2。细胞相容性测试结果表明,珍珠质涂层不具有毒性,珍珠粉原材料为涂层提供的大量骨生长因子,能够促进成骨细胞的增殖。结论采用水热反应法,成功地在AZ91D合金基体上制得珍珠质涂层,该涂层可以有效地改善镁合金在人体中的耐蚀性和生物相容性。     

过期药呋塞米在醋酸溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用

通过电导率测量、pH测量、同步热分析(STA)、Tafel极化曲线法和电化学交流阻抗谱法研究了不同浓度和温度下过期药呋塞米在1 mol/L的醋酸溶液中对冷轧钢缓蚀作用。实验结果表明:过期药呋塞米在1 mol/L的醋酸溶液中对冷轧钢有较好的缓蚀效果,且缓蚀率随着缓蚀剂浓度和温度的增加而增大。该缓蚀剂在醋酸中对钢是一种抑制阴极和阳极的混合型缓蚀剂。缓蚀剂在冷轧钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,其吸附是自发、物理吸附过程。同步热分析还说明了该缓蚀剂易稳定吸附在冷轧钢表面。     

容量法测定2-乙酰基-r-丁内酯中的水分

采用DL31型卡尔费休滴定仪对2-乙酰基-r-丁内酯的水分进行了测定，对仪器使用环境、极化电流、飘移值、进样时间、搅拌时间、称样量等影响因素进行了剖析，优化了仪器参数，确定了实验方法。     

Mode-locked fiber lasers with significant variability of generation regimes

We demonstrate a great variability of single-pulse (with only one pulse/wave-packet traveling along the cavity) generation regimes in fiber lasers passively mode-locked by non-linear polarization evolution (NPE) effect. Combining extensive numerical modeling and experimental studies, we identify multiple very distinct lasing regimes with a rich variety of dynamic behavior and a remarkably broad spread of key parameters (by an order of magnitude and more) of the generated pulses. Such a broad range of variability of possible lasing regimes necessitates developing techniques for control/adjustment of such key pulse parameters as duration, radiation spectrum, and the shape of the auto-correlation function. From a practical view point, availability of pulses/wave-packets with such different characteristics from the same laser makes it imperative to develop variability-aware designs with control techniques and methods to select appropriate application-oriented regimes.