Analysis for twinning and slip in face-centered cubic crystals under axisymmetric co-deformation

The maximum work principle of Bishop-Hill was developed to analyze the axisymmetric co-deformation in face-centered cubic crystals (f.c.c.) for twinning on {111} 112 and slip on {111} 110 systems. The influence of ξ , the ratio of critical re- solved shear stress for twinning to slip, on the yield stress states and corresponding active slip or/and twinning systems for orientations in the standard stereographic triangle of cubic crystal was investigated systematically. The Taylor factors and the anisotropy of yield strength for three important orientations [100], [110] and [111] in orientation space were analyzed. It is found that the yield strength asymmetry for the case of axisymmetric de- formation of tension and compression can be explained based on the microscopic theory of crystal plasticity. The concept of orientation factor for twinning ability was proposed and the deformation mechanism map in the orientation space was established for the case of axisymmetric deformation. The deformation texture formation and development of f.c.c. crystals with low stacking fault energy for axisymmetric tension can be explained qualita- tively on the basis of analyzed results.     

Inducing imperfections in germanium nanowires

Nanowires with inhomogeneous heterostructures such as polytypes and periodic twin boundaries are interesting due to their potential use as components for optical,electrical,and thermophysical applications.Additionally,the incorporation of metal impurities in semiconductor nanowires could substantially alter their electronic and optical properties.In this highlight article,we review our recent progress and understanding in the deliberate induction of imperfections,in terms of both twin boundaries and additional impurities in germanium nanowires for new/enhanced functionalities.The role of catalysts and catalyst-nanowire interfaces for the growth of engineered nanowires via a three-phase paradigm is explored.Three-phase bottom-up growth is a feasible way to incorporate and engineer imperfections such as crystal defects and impurities in semiconductor nanowires via catalyst and/or interfacial manipulation."Epitaxial defect transfer"process and catalyst-nanowire interfacial engineering are employed to induce twin defects parallel and perpendicular to the nanowire growth axis.By inducing and manipulating twin boundaries in the metal catalysts,twin formation and density are controlled in Ge nanowires.The formation of Ge polytypes is also observed in nanowires for the growth of highly dense lateral twin boundaries.Additionally,metal impurity in the form of Sn is injected and engineered via third-party metal catalysts resulting in above-equilibrium incorporation of Sn adatoms in Ge nanowires.Sn impurities are precipitated into Ge bi-layers during Ge nanowire growth,where the impurity Sn atoms become trapped with the deposition of successive layers,thus giving an extraordinary Sn content (＞6 at.％) in Ge nanowires.A larger amount of Sn impingement (＞9 at.％) is further encouraged by utilizing the eutectic solubility of Sn in Ge along with impurity trapping.     

金属材料拉伸的高应变率增塑现象及分析

用动态拉伸法研究了三种金属材料塑性随应变率的变化而变化的情况,应变率范围为１０＾－４￣１０＾３ｓ＾－１研究发现,随着应变率的升高,三种金属的塑性都有不同程度的提高。其中３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ淬火态在０．５ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ＾－１加载速率时延伸率仅为７０％,而在４０ｍ·ｓ＾－１时为１４．５％,提高了一倍多,表现出典型的高应变率增塑现象,微观实验及分析表明,高应变率增塑现象的机理和高应变率导致的温度升高,     

“校村结对”在新农村建设中的作用及机制研究

"校村结对"是高校参与新农村建设的重要组织形式,能有效促进"生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主"目标的实现。有关参与各方应创新"政府主导,农民主体,高校参与"三位一体新机制,拓展"校村结对"组织形式,健全考核激励机制,建立长效机制,构建内部组织体系,促进"校村结对"机制的不断完善和发展。     

表面强化对工业纯钛显微组织的影响

工业纯钛经喷丸,滚压强化后,疲劳强度得到不同程度的提高,逐层TEM亚结构对比分析结果表明,工业纯钛疲劳强度的提高和强化层组织中孪晶的形成有关,工业纯钛疲劳前后组织中主要是位错数量的变化,而强化试样疲劳前后组织的结构既有位错,孪晶数量的变化,又有孪晶－晶界,孪晶－孪晶之间的交互作用,喷丸较滚压强化效果显著的部分原因是表层形成了准孪晶栅栏。     

挤压AZ31B镁合金的低周疲劳性能(英文)

通过外加总应变幅控制的拉-压对称疲劳试验,研究常温下挤压AZ31B镁合金在不同应变幅下的疲劳性能。结果表明,除了在低应变幅0.5%外,样品均呈现循环应变硬化;应变幅为0.5%时,样品在初始阶段呈现循环硬化,随后保持应力恒定;在压缩过程中孪晶的产生以及随后的卸载和反向拉伸过程中的去孪晶行为导致了高应变幅下的滞回环形状拉-压不对称现象,而低应变幅0.5%下的滞回环形状基本对称,说明低应变幅下孪生-去孪生现象不明显。在整个疲劳过程中,高应变和低应变下的应力—应变曲线呈现2种不同的滞回环形状,这是由不同疲劳阶段孪生和位错滑移2种不同的变形机制所导致。     

The effects of N on the microstructures and tensile properties of Fe–15Mn–0.6C–2Cr–xN twinning-induced plasticity steels

Three Fe–15Mn–0.6C–2Cr–xN (wt.%) twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels with N concentrations of 0.02%, 0.09% and 0.21% were fabricated using a pressure-induction furnace. The variations in tensile properties and deformed microstructure as a function of N concentration were investigated. The yield and tensile strengths of the steels increased without a loss of total elongation as the concentration of N increased. The strain hardening rates (SHR) of the TWIP steels with 0.02% and 0.09% N decreased gradually as the true strain increased until failure. The SHR of the TWIP steel with 0.21% N decreased sharply until a strain of approximately 0.07 and increased with further strain, exhibiting the highest value at a strain of over 0.15. The addition of N delayed the kinetics of mechanical twinning, particularly secondary twinning. The TWIP steel with 0.02% N had many intersections between primary and secondary twins, at which α′ martensite formed. The TWIP steel with 0.09% N possessed few intersections because primary twins obstructed the growth of secondary twins. The TWIP steel with 0.21% N had primary twins with few secondary twins and intersections. The addition of N increased the critical strain for triggering serrations on the tensile stress–strain curves, indicating a reduction in dynamic strain aging (DSA). The TWIP steel with 0.21% N exhibited the highest SHR at large strains, despite the reduced twinning and DSA, because of both the thinning of the mechanical twins and the hardening of the twin boundaries as the N concentration increased.     

Strain rate-dependent hardening with dislocation-twin interaction of Fe–Mn–Al–C steel using crystal plasticity

A crystal plasticity finite element model with dislocation-twin interaction was developed to study the strain rate-dependent hardening of Fe–Mn–Al–C twinning-induced plasticity steel. Microstructural state variables including twinning space and dislocation density were incorporated to describe the mechanical twins hindering gliding dislocations. In situ scanning electron microscope tension and electron backscatter diffraction tests were conducted as validation and supplement. Predicted stress and strain hardening rate at various strain rates agree well with the experimental results. The increasing strain hardening stage is attributed to the dynamic competition between deformation twinning and dynamic recovery of dislocations. The intergranular deformation heterogeneity associated with the competitive activities of deformation mechanisms was also studied. The results indicate a larger contribution of slip to overall hardening than twinning.     

Through-Thickness Texture Gradient in Hot-Rolled 25Mn-2. 5Si-2Al TWIP Steel

 Texture is one of the important factors affecting sheet metal forming performance. The through-thickness texture gradient during the hot-rolling process of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel sheet was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction. With increasing reduction of the TWIP steel, the fraction of ∑1 decreased, whereas the fractions of ∑3, ∑9, and ∑27 increased. During 53% reduction, a similar trend could be found from its surface to the center. The gradients of intensities of the fibers decreased with increasing hot-rolling reduction. The intensities of face-centered cubic (fcc) shear textures E and Y were higher in the center than that at the surface for both reductions. During 20% reduction, the intensity of fcc plain strain texture S orientation increased from the center to the surface.     

INFLUENCE OF TWINNING AND DISLOCATION GLIDE DURING CREEP OF EQUIAXED AND LAMELLAR TiAl ALLOYS

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