基于SPH方法的鸟撞复合材料层合板数值分析

采用光滑粒子流体动力学法(SPH)耦合有限元法对复合材料层合板受鸟撞击的过程进行了数值模拟。复合材料层合板采用渐进损伤模型,鸟体采用SPH粒子建立模型,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显示动力分析模块分析了复合材料层合板结构非线性接触。分析了鸟撞层合板过程中鸟体损伤及层合板单层纤维失效和基体失效情况,分析了鸟体的入射角方向及层合板采用不同铺层时对层合板吸能效果的影响。计算结果表明,合理设计层合板铺层可以提高层合板的吸能效果。     

An implicit corrected SPH formulation for thermal diffusion with linear free surface boundary conditions

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method has proven useful for modeling large deformation of fluids including fluids with stress‐free surfaces. Because of the Lagrangian nature of the method, it is well suited to address the thermal evolution of these free surface flows. Boundary conditions at the interface of the fluid with a solid wall are usually enforced through the use of boundary particles. However, applying conditions at free surfaces, in particular gradient boundary conditions, can be problematic with traditional SPH formulations due to the degradation of the gradient approximation in these regions. Compounding this difficulty is that traditional approximations of the Laplacian operator suffer a similar degradation near free surfaces. A new SPH formulation of the Laplacian operator is presented, which improves the accuracy near free surface boundaries. This new form is based on a gradient approximation commonly used in thermal, viscous, and pressure projection problems, but includes higher‐order terms in the appropriate Taylor series. Comparisons with other approximations of second‐order derivatives are given. The discretization is tested by solving steady‐state and transient problems of thermal diffusion using the Backward Euler method with a GMRES solver. Boundary conditions are imposed through an augmented matrix. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical Study of Impact Behaviors of Angular Particles on Metallic Surface Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Modeling and studying the impact behaviors of angular particles is critical in understanding the mechanisms of erosive wear on solid surfaces. This article focuses on effective mesh-free model based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate impacts of angular particles on metallic surfaces. The predicted results are compared with the available experimental data, and good agreement has been achieved. Our simulations under different incident conditions successfully reproduce the general impact behaviors of angular particles, including rotating behavior and rebound behavior, which enables detailed examinations of erosion mechanisms. We find that the rotating behaviors are mainly determined by initial orientation and impact angle, whereas impact velocity has little effect. For backward impact involving a prying-off action, there generally exsits a critical impact velocity below which the cutting process would never be finished, which may result in a rebound angle greater than 90°. Further, multiple and overlapping impacts are simulated to reveal the effect of a pre-created crater on the subsequent impact. The results demonstrate the ability of the present model to handle the extremely deformed surface by overlapping impacts. The proposed SPH model and the present study could be useful in the study of erosive wear on the surface of metal devices that carry granular substances.     

Comparison of cohesive zone elements and smoothed particle hydrodynamics for failure prediction of single lap adhesive joints

This research investigates the use of a meshless smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for the prediction of failure in an adhesively bonded single lap joint. A number of issues concerning the SPH based finite element modelling of single lap joints are discussed. The predicted stresses of the SPH finite element model are compared with the results of a cohesive zone based finite element model. Crack initiation and crack propagation in the adhesive layer are also studied. The results show that the peel stresses predicted by the SPH finite element model are higher and the shear stresses are lower than those predicted by the cohesive zone finite element model. The crack initiation and propagation response of the two models is similar, however, the SPH finite element model predicted a lower failure load than the cohesive zone finite element model. It is concluded that the current implementation of SPH method is a promising method for modelling cohesive failure in bonded joins but requires further development to allow for interfacial crack growth and better stress prediction under tensile loading to compete with existing methods.     

光滑粒子流体动力学法拉伸不稳定性改进研究

针对光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)法在涉及材料强度的问题中存在着拉伸不稳定性,提出了一种改进拉伸不稳定性的连续型人工力,给出了其应用条件,并建立了该人工力的张量形式.通过在消除压缩不稳定性的人工粘性力的基础上叠加抗拉伸不稳定的人工力,建立了统一形式的人工力.通过两个算例的计算及比较,表明该人工力的计算结果振荡小并且接近有限元法的计算结果,优于其它形式的人工力.该人工力使SPH法的拉伸不稳定性得到了更好的改善.     

无网格方法在爆轰数值模拟中的应用

以SPH算法为代表的无网格方法在爆轰波的数值模拟中具有明显的优势,采用SPH算法模拟高能炸药水下爆炸爆轰过程,得到了压力、速度等时历曲线.将数值模拟结果与理论和实验方法得到的结果进行了对比分析,表明SPH算法非常适宜处理高能炸药水下爆炸的极短瞬时具有大变形和高度非均匀的动力学极端情形,且求解结果已达到了较高的精度。     

无网格法中边界畸变的控制与计算效率的提高

分析比较了常用的2种无网格法的形函数，即采用光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）法与移动最小二乘（MLS）法构造的形函数，指出SPH形函数在特定情况下易在边界处产生畸变的原因，并提出了在边界外围设置虚节点以改善边界畸变的方法.分别通过配点法和无网格Galerkin（EFG）法计算了一维和二维算例，讨论了不同的边界条件处理方式对计算精度的影响，结果表明Lagrange乘子法处理边界条件的精度比点插值法高.在EFG法的一维悬臂梁算例分析中，讨论了节点支撑域半径和高斯积分阶次对计算量和计算精度的影响.分析表明，当使用单点高斯积分时，节点支撑域的变化易导致计算结果不稳定，提高高斯积分阶次能够降低计算结果对节点支撑域大小变化的敏感性并提高计算精度，但同时增加了计算量.     

充液容器跌落过程的SPH模拟方法

采用SPH和FEM耦合的方法,考虑流固耦合效应的影响,对典型矩形薄壁充液容器的跌落过程进行数值仿真。通过对容器的变形、自由液面的运动、液体对容器的动压变化、容器的应力状态和所受动态激励的情况进行分析,说明SPH方法在充液容器的冲击问题研究中是行之有效的数值计算方法。同时数值算例的结果对充液容器的设计和试验具有一定的参考价值。     

Hybrid particle methods in frictionless impact‐contact problems

The dual particle dynamic (DPD) methods which employ two sets of particles have been demonstrated to have better accuracy and stability than the co‐locational particle methods, such as the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The hybrid particle method (HPM) is an extension of the DPD method. Besides the advantages of the DPD method, the HPM possesses features which better facilitate the simulation of large deformations. This paper presents the continued development of the HPM for the numerical solution of two‐dimensional frictionless contact problems. The interface contact force algorithm which employs a modified kinematic constraints method is used to determine the contact tractions. In this method, both the impenetrability condition and the traction condition are simultaneously enforced. In the original kinematic constraints method, only the former condition is satisfied. A new formulation to find stress derivatives at stress‐free corners by imposing stress‐free boundary conditions is also developed. The results for 1‐D and 2‐D contact problems indicate good accuracy for the contact formulation as well as the corner treatment when compared to analytical solutions and explicit finite element results using the commercial code LS‐DYNA. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hypervelocity impacts on thin brittle targets: Experimental data and SPH simulations

The meteoroids and debris environment play an important role in the reduction of spacecraft lifetime. Ejecta or secondary debris, are produced when a debris or a meteoroid impact a spacecraft surface. Brittle materials are particularly sensitive to HVI in term of damages and amount of ejected matter: the ejected fragments total mass is in the order of 100 times bigger than the impacting mass. The French atomic energy commission (CEA) faces the same problem in the Laser MégaJoule project. The lasers optics will be bombarded by hypervelocity debris and shrapnel resulting from target disassembly. Two millimeter thick fused silica disposable debris shields (DDS) located in front of the main debris shields might be used to reduce very small shrapnel cratering on the main debris shields. The aim of this paper is to study the damaging and ejection processes that occur during HVI on thin brittle targets. A two-stage light-gas gun has been used to impact 2 mm DDS with 500 μm steel projectiles. Experimental characterization of ejected matter has also been performed: lightweight paperboards coated with adhesive have been used to collect ejected fragments including spalls. Numerical simulation using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method of LS-DYNA and the Johnson Holmquist material model were performed. The results of these calculations are compared to experimental data which include the damage features in the targets (spalled zones and perforation hole) and the ejection clouds. Satisfying agreement between numerical and experimental simulations was obtained for damage characteristics and ejection phenomena.