High-speed water impacts of flat plates in different ditching configuration through a Riemann--ALE SPH model

The violent water entry of flat plates is investigated using a Riemann-arbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian(ALE) smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) model. The test conditions are of interest for problems related to aircraft and helicopter emergency landing in water. Three main parameters are considered: the horizontal velocity, the approach angle(i.e., vertical to horizontal velocity ratio) and the pitch angle, a. Regarding the latter, small angles are considered in this study. As described in the theoretical work by Zhao and Faltinsen(1993), for small a a very thin, high-speed jet of water is formed, and the time-spatial gradients of the pressure field are extremely high. These test conditions are very challenging for numerical solvers. In the present study an enhanced SPH model is firstly tested on a purely vertical impact with deadrise angle α=4°. An in-depth validation against analytical solutions and experimental results is carried out, highlighting the several critical aspects of the numerical modelling of this kind of flow, especially when pressure peaks are to be captured. A discussion on the main difficulties when comparing to model scale experiments is also provided. Then, the more realistic case of a plate with both horizontal and vertical velocity components is discussed and compared to ditching experiments recently carried out at CNR-INSEAN. In the latter case both 2-D and 3-D simulations are considered and the importance of 3-D effects on the pressure peak is discussed for α=4° and α=10°.     

Computational prediction of performance for a full scale Isamill: Part 2 – Wet models of charge and slurry transport

The Isamill is a horizontal stirred media mill used for fine and ultrafine grinding of slurry transported rock particles. The charge motion is analysed using two different approaches, (1) a fluid only model, and (2) a 1-way coupled DEM + SPH model. The flow pattern when the classifier is closed is regular with a pair of oppositely oriented vortices between each pair of grinding discs. A strong radial outflow from the middle of the classifier is generated by the high centrifugal force which creates a pair of toroidal vortices at the discharge end of the mill. The classifier, when open, acts as a pump drawing slurry axially along the mill. It enters the classifier through the holes in its end plate and is then forced radially outward by rotational acceleration of the classifier cage. The enhanced outflow significantly strengthens the large toroidal vortices on the outside of the classifier. This produces a strong retrograde annular flow along the mill shell that penetrates a significant distance back into the grinding chamber. The effect of the classifier is significant and strongly influences the flow over much of the mill and controls slurry (feed and product) transport and discharge. The predictions of the different models are qualitatively similar but with important differences including the fluid only model predicting higher flow speeds because it cannot capture the strong slip between the media and the grinding discs. The strength of the axial transport is strongly dependent on the slurry viscosity. A critical viscosity can be identified above which there is insufficient axial transport to enable mill operation.     

舰船水下接触爆炸的SPH算法研究

舰船水下接触爆炸问题涉及多相物质耦合,而且密度分布极不均匀,阻抗严重不匹配,大变形,强冲击等因素都使传统数值算法很难进行数值模拟。本文旨在通过改进传统SPH算法,并将其应用于水下接触爆炸问题：提出了变光滑长度的链表搜索算法,提高了计算效率,也保证了计算精度;总结了SPH方法对密度极大不均匀问题处理思想;研究了SPH方法的前、后期处理技术,提高了对问题的处理能力,增加了计算结果的可视性。文中最后成功模拟了水下接触爆炸问题,结果与理论一致,验证了所提出的理论和方法的有效性和可行性。另外,分析了不同粒子间距比对数值模拟的影响,结果表明,当粒子的间距比小于2:1时数值结果相对稳定,等于5:1时数值计算崩溃。     

基于SPH方法的两平行平板间层流的数值模拟及验证

基于SPH方法的基本原理,综合考虑了对各种定解条件的设置,用Fortran语言独立编写了一套用于模拟两平行平板间层流的SPH二维计算程序,并应用于泊肃叶流和库埃特流的数值模拟之中,将模拟结果与理论解析解和通过Flow-3D软件数值模拟得到的数值结果进行对比,分析表明三种方法得到的计算结果非常吻合,从而实现了对SPH数学模型和SPH计算程序的验证,为SPH方法的进一步发展和广泛应用奠定了一定的基础。     

一种基于SPH方法的人员疏散混合模型及模拟

为减少室内火灾环境下人员伤亡,研究了人员疏散计算机模拟问题.将人员运动视为一种流体运动,利用流体力学原理,构建一种新的人员疏散混合模型,并在其中引入了一种从众模式.同时,采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法对模型离散化,从而减少了计算量.不同工况下进行的疏散模拟实验表明,所提出的模型及算法能够较准确地模拟出实际疏散的现象.     

一种基于SPH流体模拟的固液边界改进算法

光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)法是一种无网格的流体模拟方法,固液边界处理是SPH法模拟流体行为的重点和难点。本文提出一种单层加密粒子法进行固液边界处理。与虚拟粒子法将边界假设为静止的流体粒子不同,本文将边界假设为具有一定密度的固体粒子,依靠物理约束进行流体计算。这种方法能够有效降低模拟中穿越边界的粒子数量,使得流体边界处的模拟更加符合真实情况。本文采用仿真流体数据对提出的算法进行验证,并对其有效性进行分析讨论。     

光滑粒子流体动力学法拉伸不稳定性的改进研究

针对光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)法在涉及材料强度的问题中存在着拉伸不稳定性,提出了一种改进拉伸不稳定性的连续型人工力,给出了其应用条件,并建立了该人工力的张量形式.通过在消除压缩不稳定性的人工粘性力的基础上叠加抗拉伸不稳定的人工力,建立了统一形式的人工力.通过两个算例的计算及比较,表明该人工力的计算结果振荡小并且接近有限元法的计算结果,优于其它形式的人工力.该人工力使SPH法的拉伸不稳定性得到了更好的改善.     

无网格方法在爆轰数值模拟中的应用

以SPH算法为代表的无网格方法在爆轰波的数值模拟中具有明显的优势,采用SPH算法模拟高能炸药水下爆炸爆轰过程,得到了压力、速度等时历曲线.将数值模拟结果与理论和实验方法得到的结果进行了对比分析,表明SPH算法非常适宜处理高能炸药水下爆炸的极短瞬时具有大变形和高度非均匀的动力学极端情形,且求解结果已达到了较高的精度。     

基于SPH耦合有限元法的喷丸残余应力场数值模拟

针对有限元方法不能有效模拟喷丸加工过程中大量弹丸反复冲击的现状,使用光滑粒子流体动力学法(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)耦合有限元法(finite element method, FEM)模拟喷丸强化过程。工件采用FEM建模,弹丸采用SPH建模,通过接触算法实现SPH和FEM的耦合以模拟弹丸对工件的强化作用。提出弹丸流的材料模型,分析了相关参数对工件残余压应力分布和能量利用率的影响。结果表明,随着弹丸打击次数的增加,工件表面残余压应力分布逐渐趋于稳定;高覆盖率能有效改善工件表面残余压应力分布,低覆盖率则会降低喷丸效果;适当提高弹丸速度虽然可以使残余应力层深度和最大残余压应力值增加,但会降低能量利用率。通过与相关实验数据的比较,验证了仿真模型和结果的正确性。