SPH modeling of fluid-structure interaction

This work concerns numerical modeling of fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problems in a uniform smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) framework. It combines a transport-velocity SPH scheme, advancing fluid motions, with a total Lagrangian SPH formulation dealing with the structure deformations. Since both fluid and solid governing equations are solved in SPH framework, while coupling becomes straightforward, the momentum conservation of the FSI system is satisfied strictly. A well-known FSI benchmark test case has been performed to validate the modeling and to demonstrate its potential.     

SPH numerical investigation of the characteristics of an oscillating hydraulic jump at an abrupt drop

This paper shows the results of the smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH) modelling of the hydraulic jump at an abrupt drop,where the transition from supercritical to subcritical flow is characterised by several flow patterns depending upon the inflow and tailwater conditions. SPH simulations are obtained by a pseudo-compressible XSPH scheme with pressure smoothing; turbulent stresses are represented either by an algebraic mixing-length model, or by a two-equation k-ε model. The numerical model is applied to analyse the occurrence of oscillatory flow conditions between two different jump types characterised by quasi-periodic oscillation,and the results are compared with experiments performed at the hydraulics laboratory of Bari Technical University. The purpose of this paper is to obtain a deeper understanding of the physical features of a flow which is in general difficult to be reproduced numerically,owing to its unstable character: in particular, vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy fields, velocity, water depth and pressure spectra downstream of the jump, and velocity and pressure cross-correlations can be computed and analysed.     

Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Modeling and Investigation of Fluid Mixing in a Rectangular Stirred Tank with Free Surface

In the present study, a robust modified Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is developed and applied to model a fluid mixer with a rotating stirrer and a tank body with free surface and horizontal oscillations. The mixer consists of a rectangular tank in which a stirrer rotates to mix the fluid. For the fluid in the tank, the free surface condition is considered. According to the Reynolds number, it is assumed that the mixing process is turbulent, and so a turbulent viscosity is defined. Although the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method can result in some complexities, it is generally an easy and appropriate method for modeling mixing flow, free surface flow, and moving body problems, which will simultaneously be applied in the present study. The method is improved with kernel gradient corrective tensor, shifting particle algorithm, and turbulent viscosity, and it is validated against other well-known test cases and problems and is applied to model the mixing phenomenon. This study aims to increase the mixing rate and decrease the mixing time of the described mixer. To do so, the effect of the rotation of the stirrer on the mixing process is first investigated, after which the linear oscillation of the body is added and then the optimal shape of the tank is examined. The results show that the stirrer’s rotating speed, the linear oscillation of the tank body, and streamlining all have major effects on the mixing rate.     

Numerical Study of Impact Behaviors of Angular Particles on Metallic Surface Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Modeling and studying the impact behaviors of angular particles is critical in understanding the mechanisms of erosive wear on solid surfaces. This article focuses on effective mesh-free model based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate impacts of angular particles on metallic surfaces. The predicted results are compared with the available experimental data, and good agreement has been achieved. Our simulations under different incident conditions successfully reproduce the general impact behaviors of angular particles, including rotating behavior and rebound behavior, which enables detailed examinations of erosion mechanisms. We find that the rotating behaviors are mainly determined by initial orientation and impact angle, whereas impact velocity has little effect. For backward impact involving a prying-off action, there generally exsits a critical impact velocity below which the cutting process would never be finished, which may result in a rebound angle greater than 90°. Further, multiple and overlapping impacts are simulated to reveal the effect of a pre-created crater on the subsequent impact. The results demonstrate the ability of the present model to handle the extremely deformed surface by overlapping impacts. The proposed SPH model and the present study could be useful in the study of erosive wear on the surface of metal devices that carry granular substances.     

光滑粒子流体动力学法拉伸不稳定性改进研究

针对光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)法在涉及材料强度的问题中存在着拉伸不稳定性,提出了一种改进拉伸不稳定性的连续型人工力,给出了其应用条件,并建立了该人工力的张量形式.通过在消除压缩不稳定性的人工粘性力的基础上叠加抗拉伸不稳定的人工力,建立了统一形式的人工力.通过两个算例的计算及比较,表明该人工力的计算结果振荡小并且接近有限元法的计算结果,优于其它形式的人工力.该人工力使SPH法的拉伸不稳定性得到了更好的改善.     

无网格方法在爆轰数值模拟中的应用

以SPH算法为代表的无网格方法在爆轰波的数值模拟中具有明显的优势,采用SPH算法模拟高能炸药水下爆炸爆轰过程,得到了压力、速度等时历曲线.将数值模拟结果与理论和实验方法得到的结果进行了对比分析,表明SPH算法非常适宜处理高能炸药水下爆炸的极短瞬时具有大变形和高度非均匀的动力学极端情形,且求解结果已达到了较高的精度。     

基于SPH方法的两平行平板间层流的数值模拟及验证

基于SPH方法的基本原理,综合考虑了对各种定解条件的设置,用Fortran语言独立编写了一套用于模拟两平行平板间层流的SPH二维计算程序,并应用于泊肃叶流和库埃特流的数值模拟之中,将模拟结果与理论解析解和通过Flow-3D软件数值模拟得到的数值结果进行对比,分析表明三种方法得到的计算结果非常吻合,从而实现了对SPH数学模型和SPH计算程序的验证,为SPH方法的进一步发展和广泛应用奠定了一定的基础。     

基于SPH露天台阶爆破优化研究

针对露天深孔台阶爆破容易出现块度不均匀、大块率高等问题,运用经验公式法对台阶爆破参数进行计算并确定爆破方案,建立基于光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)的台阶数值模型,对深孔台阶爆破孔排距共同作用下的岩体损伤情况及孔间应力大小进行研究。研究结果表明:孔排距会影响炮孔间的应力叠加作用,模拟过程中SPH粒子能良好地模拟出爆破过程中岩石运动状态和岩石损伤范围,当孔间距为8.5m、排间距为5.0m,爆破效果最佳。将模拟结果应用于现场试验,大块率较优化前降低了10.3%,块度平均合格率提高了5.2%,现场试验与模拟结果最优爆破方案效果高度一致,说明利用SPH的数值模拟方法研究台阶爆破是合理可行的。研究结果可为相关台阶爆破孔排距选择提供依据和参考。     

竖井式进/出水口工程尺度SPH方法模拟研究

抽水蓄能电站是清洁能源体系的重要调节设施,进/出水口的水力特性直接影响抽水蓄能电站运维和收益。抽水蓄能电站竖井式进/出水口水力特性的数值模拟多采用基于网格的欧拉方法,但由于弯管段体型突变,导致孔口区域流场计算精度下降。为了克服欧拉法网格畸变的不足,本文尝试无网格的拉格朗日光滑粒子流体动力学SPH方法对含弯管段的竖井式进/出水口水力特性进行工程尺度精细模拟。结果表明,通过GPU硬件加速,实现了工程尺度的千万级粒子数SPH模拟计算,结果精度较高;对比模型试验结果,发电/抽水工况下上水库至直管段水头损失系数模拟相对误差为15.79%和19.51%,孔口断面流速不均匀系数模拟相对误差为6.30%和3.20%;对比PIV测量结果,弯管段模拟结果一致性较高,但扩散段流动分离现象较明显;对比不包含弯管段的Fluent计算结果,导流锥附近无漩涡且孔口回流区域面积更小。研究发现,相较于欧拉法,SPH方法更清晰地模拟流动分离、二次流等复杂紊流现象,且在局部体型突变处模拟更贴近实际流动特征,具有较大模拟应用潜力。     

SPH Simulation of Low Reynolds Number Planar Shear Flow and Heat Convection

The present study reports on a set of computer programmable SPH formulations, which are used to simulate transient planar shear flows, and in particular Poiseuille flow and Couette flow with different types of body forces. The flows examined have Reynolds numbers within the range 0.05∼50. SPH results agree well with analytical solutions for those situations amenable to an analytical treatment, with the largest deviation being less than 2.0 %. The accuracy of a SPH formulation for heat convection, with particular emphasis in the viscous heat dissipation, is also tested via a steady convective heat transfer case for a combined Poiseuille and Couette flow.