Grain count in castings: theoretical background and experimental verification

In this work, a theoretical model is proposed for heterogeneous nucleation on substrates whose size distributions can be described by the Weibull statistics. In particular, the proposed model suggests that the size distribution for the various nucleation sites is exponential in nature. Measurements of grain count were carried out on experimental Al–1·3Si and Al–5·0Cu single phase alloys inoculated using an Al–5Ti–1B master alloy. In addition, experimental nodular and flake graphite iron castings were processed under various metallurgical conditions. In single phase alloys, the area of the equiaxed dendritic grain count was estimated from the electron backscattering diffraction analysis, whereas the graphite nodule and graphite eutectic cell count were estimated on polished cast iron surface sections by stereological means. In addition, maximum undercoolings were determined by thermal analysis. The experimental outcome indicates that the grain count can be properly described by a proposed exponential function of the maximum undercooling at the onset of alloy solidification. Finally, the magnitudes of the nucleation parameters were experimentally determined in this work.     

Composite materials of melt-spun Mg90Ni10 and graphite: Microstructural changes during cyclic hydrogenation and the impact on gas and heat transport characteristics

It is of high technical importance to consider the loading and unloading dynamics of hydride-based hydrogen storage tanks, which are mainly influenced by the heat and gas transfer properties inside the reaction bed. In this regard, hydride-graphite composites offer improved heat transfer properties and higher volumetric storage capacities compared to commonly used powder beds.     

Comparative Review on Structure,Properties, Fabrication Techniques,and Relevance of Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotube and Graphite Fillers

Owing to their remarkable electrical, mechanical, thermal, catalytic, and optical properties as well as their unique structure, carbon nanotubes and graphite have been exploited to produce high performance and multifunctional composites. The resultant composites are differentiated on the basis of their properties to meet various applications. In the framework of this review article, we have mainly focused on the preparation, structure, and properties of two families of composite materials with an emphasis on the differences between them. Moreover, the current challenges, future prospectives, and applications of carbon nanotubes- and graphite-based materials in sensors and in photovoltaic and energy storage devices (Li-ion battery) have been discussed.     

高温石墨炉法测定痕量金属的条件选择

高温石墨炉法测定痕量金属对工作条件的要求非常严格,影响分析准确度和精密度的原因较多。从干燥温度和时间,灰化温度和时间,原子化温度和时间,高温除残温度和时间的选择,自动进样器的调整,试样处理等几个方面,合理、正确地选择工作条件能够得到最佳吸收灵敏度和测量精密度。     

High‐performance porous lead/graphite composite electrode for bipolar lead‐acid batteries

In general, thicker active material bipolar electrode's specific capacity and cycle life are very poor owing to its low bonding strength between the active material and the substrate and the diffusion rate of the sulfuric acid electrolyte inside the active material. In this paper, we synthesize a novel attached and porous lead/graphite composite electrode for bipolar lead‐acid battery and can effectively solve these problems. The graphite/polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is employed to improve the bonding strength and conductivity and the porous can provide electrolyte diffusion channels. The specific capacities of 2‐mm thick positive active material at 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 C can attain 75.99, 58.98, 47.97, and 33.36 mAh·g^?1. The discharge voltage platform is also relatively high and no rapid decline with increasing discharge rate. Furthermore, after 80 cycles, the specific capacity does not drop evidently. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural and optical behavior of electrodeposited black chrome‐graphite encapsulated FeCo nanoparticles composite coatings

Black chrome‐graphite encapsulated FeCo nanoparticles (BC‐GEFeCo NPs) composite coatings were electrodeposited on substrates such as stainless steel, Cu, and Ni‐coated Cu. The major content of the deposited film is contributed by Cr, Fe‐Cr, Fe₂AlCr, and FeCr_0.29Ni_0.16C_0.06 as deduced from X‐ray diffraction. The root‐mean‐square roughness value of black chrome on Ni‐coated Cu employing PbSb anode is measured by atomic force microscopy (nanoindentation) studies as 57.176 nm, which is in satisfactory agreement with the literature value of 53.83 nm. With the addition of GEFeCo Nps, the root‐mean‐square roughness value for BC‐GEFeCo composite coatings on Ni‐coated Cu increases approximately 6.1 times that of black chrome surface. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

火花效应及火花刺对石墨接地体冲击接地电阻的影响

柔性石墨复合接地体是一种具有良好的导电性、天然的耐腐蚀性、非铁磁性的非金属接地体,为了探究柔性石墨接地体在雷电流作用下火花效应和火花刺对其冲击接地电阻的影响,提出了一种计及火花效应的等效半径迭代算法并验证了其可靠性。利用该算法仿真模拟了长30 m的水平T型柔性石墨复合接地体在其不同位置添加火花刺对其冲击接地电阻的影响,并进一步分析了火花刺对输电杆塔方框带射线地网的冲击接地电阻的降阻效果。结果表明,在实际工程应用中,要充分考虑火花效应和火花刺对改善输电杆塔地网冲击接地特性的积极影响。     

Charge transport mechanism of graphite‐nanosheet‐loaded rubber nanocomposites

Nitrile butadiene rubber loaded with different concentrations of thin graphite nanosheets have been successfully prepared by using a two‐roll mill. The percolation concentration of the nanocomposites was 0.5 phr. The I–V characteristic curves showed that the nanocomposites exhibited ohmic behaviour at a certain voltage and then non‐linear behaviour. The Richardson–Schottky and Poole–Frenkel models were used to investigate the reason for the space charge. The experimental data fit the Schottky model well. The conductivity as a function of temperature was also studied and the data were fitted by using the Mott relation. The Mott relation showed that as the concentration of graphite nanosheets in the rubber composite increases, the hopping distance between the graphite nanosheet layers decreases, which enhances the conductivity of the nanocomposite at low concentrations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

多层水口高胎体孕镶金刚石钻头研究

随着现代钻进的不断发展,高胎体钻头很好地解决了钻头寿命和实效的对立问题,多层水口成为高胎体钻头研究的一个重要方向。本文对多层水口钻头的胎体高度、水口和结构等进行了优化设计,给出了热压法孕镶金刚石钻头的烧结工艺,为多层水口孕镶金刚石钻头的设计提供了参考依据。试制了一个石墨堵口的多层水口孕镶金刚石钻头,并对其进行了室内实钻试验。试验结果表明,采用石墨堵口的多层水口钻头的第二层水口能够较好出露,证明了多层水口孕镶金刚石钻头设计的可行性。     

CVD金刚石薄膜涂层整体式刀具的制备与应用

化学气相沉积(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)金刚石薄膜具有硬度高、摩擦系数低、耐磨性强以及表面化学性能稳定等优异的机械及摩擦学性能,这使其在硬质合金工模具领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文采用热丝化学气相沉积法(hot filament chemical vapor deposition,HFC...