RuO2／聚苯胺复合材料电极的制备及电化学性能表征

以RuCl3·nH2O和苯胺为原料,采用原位聚合法制备了RuO2与聚苯胺(PANI)的纳米复合材料.运用SEM和XRD对样品进行了表征,通过循环伏安法测试了样品的电化学性能.结果表明不同RuO2含量的复合材料电极的比容量由大到小顺序为3%、1%、10%、2%、7%、5%;RuO2含量为3%时,复合材料电极的比容量达到373.27 F/g,改用活性炭作辅助电极,比容量提高了近10%.     

磁场环境中磺基水杨酸再掺杂聚苯胺的性能研究

以磺基水杨酸作为掺杂剂,在磁场环境中对聚苯胺进行再掺杂,探讨了磁场强度、掺杂剂浓度和掺杂时间对再掺杂聚苯胺的导电性、溶解性和热稳定性能的影响,并通过四探针、热重分析(TGA)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)以及X-射线衍射(XRD)对再掺杂聚苯胺性能进行了表征.结果表明:在磁场环境中,由于磁场和掺杂酸对聚苯胺性能影响的协同效应,导致聚苯胺的电导率、溶解性和热稳定性得到了明显的改善,结晶度也得到了很大提高.与无磁场相比,其电导率从0.5 s/cm增加到了3.2 s/cm,在二甲苯中的溶解度也从12%提高到23%,热分解温度从220 ℃提高到320 ℃.     

磁场环境下聚苯胺的合成与性能研究

在不同磁场强度下,用苯胺单体(An)和氧化剂过硫酸铵(APS),掺杂剂磺基水杨酸(SSA),乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)合成了导电聚苯胺(PAn)。研究了氧化剂和掺杂剂用量对PAn掺杂率和电导率性能的影响;并采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、粒径分析、腐蚀电位曲线表征了PAn结构与性能的关系。结果表明:磁场对苯胺聚合的影响是正向的,磁场能减少掺杂剂的用量、提高产物的电导率;在乳化剂n(SDBS)/n(An)=0.45,氧化剂n(APS)/n(An)=0.8,掺杂剂SSA 0.3 mol.L-1时,合成的PAn电导率最大;在磁场环境中合成的PAn导电性、粒径、防腐性、规整性等各方面与无磁场作用的产品相比均具有明显的优势。     

聚苯胺/金纳米复合材料的合成与表征

采用过硫酸钠为氧化剂制备聚苯胺/金纳米复合材料,通过紫外-可见光谱、X-射线衍射及透射电子显微镜对形成的复合材料进行表征.结果发现,聚苯胺形成了纳米线结构,并且在表面均匀地分布了大量的金纳米粒子,但是形成的复合材料结晶度不高.     

复合乳化剂浓度对PANI／PEDOT复合阳极材料导电性及结构的影响

以原位聚合法制备了导电聚合物聚苯胺／聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩（PANI／PEDOT）复合阳极材料．研究了复合乳化剂浓度对PANI／PEDOT复合阳极材料的电化学性能和结构的影响．用线性扫描、交流阻抗、傅里叶变换红外光谱和x-射线衍射对所得的复合阳极材料的电化学特性、物相和结构进行了表征．结果表明,当复合乳化剂浓度为0．2mol／L时,PANI／PEDOT复合阳极材料具有较好的导电性,所得复合材料的分子链有序性较好,结构规整,结晶性好．     

Electrochemical performance of interfacially polymerized polyaniline nanofibres as electrode materials for non-aqueous redox supercapacitors

H⁺ doped polyaniline nanofibre (PH) was synthesized by interfacial polymerization and polyanilines doped with Li salt (PLI and PHLI) were prepared by immersing emeraldine base (EB) and H⁺ doped polyaniline in 1 mol/L LiPF₆/(EC-EMC-DMC), respectively. PH, PLI and PHLI were all characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. With 1 mol/L LiPF₆/(EC-EMC-DMC) as electrolyte, PH, PHLI and PLI were used as the active materials of symmetric non-aqueous redox supercapacitors. PLI shows the highest initial specific capacitance of 120 F/g (47 F/g for PH and 66 F/g for PHLI) among three samples. After 500 cycles, the specific capacitance of PLI remains 75 F/g, indicating the good cycleability.     

Morphology and characterization of conductive films based on polyaniline‐coated polystyrene latexes

The polyaniline (PANI)‐coated polystyrene (PS) latexes were synthesized, and the electrically conductive films were prepared thereafter. The weight ratio of PANI was 5%. Thermal analysis of the latices was performed using DSC and TGA. In this study, the electrically conductive films were prepared above the PS glass transition temperature (T_g). During the film formation, the effects of the annealing temperature and atmosphere (air or N₂) on the film resistance were investigated. In addition, the film morphology was observed utilizing scanning electron microscopy. The film resistance decreased in the initial heating stage due to the increasing temperature and the compaction of film. Then the film resistance increased with further annealing due to the aging of PANI. Typically, the film resistance was about 6000 Ω/sq, and the conductivity was 0.3 S/cm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5406–5413, 2006     

酸掺杂聚苯胺催化马来酸丁酯化及动力学

用对甲苯磺酸作为搀杂剂对水相氧化法合成的盐酸搀杂的聚苯胺(HC l/PANI)进行搀杂,制备了由聚苯胺(PANI)负载对甲苯磺酸的固体酸催化剂(PTSA/PANI)。以PTSA/PANI为催化剂、马来酸酐和正丁醇为原料合成马来酸二丁酯。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性能,测定了反应动力学。最佳反应工艺条件为:n(正丁醇)∶n(马来酸酐)=3.33∶1、w(PTSA/PANI)=3.81%、反应温度≤130℃、反应时间3 h。结果表明,在该条件下马来酸酐的转化率为96.23%;催化剂经重复使用5次后,马来酸酐的转化率为90.82%;确定反应级数为二级,表观活化能为41.0 kJ/mol。对甲苯磺酸搀杂聚苯胺催化剂具有催化活性高、稳定性好、容易制备、无环境污染等优点。     

Application of factorial experimental design to study the influence of polymerization conditions on the yield of polyaniline powder

Influences of chemical oxidation polymerization conditions on the yields of polyaniline powder were investigated. These chemical oxidation polymerization conditions included polymerization time, concentration of HNO₃, mol ratio of ammonium persulfate/aniline (APS/AN), and polymerization temperature. If polymerization time, concentration of HNO₃, mol ratio of APS/AN, and polymerization temperature were 60 min, 1.0 M, 1.0, and 0°C, respectively, then the yield of emeraldine base form polyaniline powder was around 78.1%. The yield of polyaniline powder increased significantly with the polymerization time, concentration of HNO₃, and the mol ratio of APS/AN. A 2³ factorial experimental design was applied to study the main, two‐factor interaction, and three‐factor interaction effects of polymerization time, concentration of HNO₃, and mol ratio of APS/AN on the yield of polyaniline powder. According to the definition, the sequence of the main effects on the yield of polyaniline powder, in ascending order, is concentration of HNO₃ < mol ratio of APS/AN < polymerization time. The sequence of the two‐factor interaction effects on the yield of polyaniline, in ascending order, is concentration of HNO₃ vs. mol ratio of APS/AN < polymerization time vs. concentration of HNO₃ < polymerization time vs. mol ratio of APS/AN. Meanwhile, the prediction equation by definition is: ? = 0.287+0.145X₁+0.091X₂+0.121X₃+0.023X₁X₂+0.111X₁X₃+0.002X₂X₃+0.003X₁X₂X₃. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1571–1580, 2002     

原位聚合沉积透明导电聚苯胺薄膜的研究进展

苯胺在化学氧化聚合过程中,可自发地聚合沉积在不同基体表面,形成透明导电聚苯胺薄膜。重点介绍近年来国内外在玻璃、聚合物、纤维织物和二氧化硅基体表面原位聚合沉积透明导电聚苯胺薄膜的研究进展,并探讨了反应机理。展望了透明导电聚苯胺薄膜在光电器件和微电子器件领域的应用前景。