聚苯胺/环氧树脂导静电涂料的研制

以聚苯胺(PAn)为导电填料,聚酰胺为固化剂,制备聚苯胺/环氧树脂导静电涂料。以冲击强度为考核指标,通过正交设计优化聚苯胺的加入量、固化剂的加入量和固化温度等参数。结果表明,聚苯胺的加入量影响较显著,固化剂的加入量影响也较明显,固化温度的影响较小。较佳的工艺条件为:聚苯胺的加入量为10%,固化剂的加入量为4%,固化温度为40℃。该条件下制得的涂膜附着力达到1级,硬度达2 H,冲击强度达50 cm,电阻率达106Ω.cm,并具有良好的物理化学性能,各项指标完全满足抗静电涂料的要求。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维的界面聚合法合成及电化学电容行为

利用盐酸和四氯化碳的水／油两相界面，通过界面聚合法合成具有良好纳米纤维结构的聚苯胺，用这种聚苯胺纳米纤维为活性物质制备电极，以1mol／LH2SO4水溶液为电解液组装超级电容器，通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等技术研究其电化学电容行为。研究结果表明，合成的聚苯胺的直径为50～100nm，长度为500nm至几微米不等，且纤维之间相互交织缠绕，形成网状形貌；聚苯胺纳米纤维电极材料的功率特性与循环性能优于用传统化学氧化法合成的颗粒状聚苯胺材料的性能，在5mA放电电流下，其比电容可达317F／g，20mA放电电流下比电容仍维持300F／g左右，500次循环容量衰减在4％以内。     

Polymer/carbon based composites as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials

The extensive development of electronic systems and telecommunications has lead to major concerns regarding electromagnetic pollution. Motivated by environmental questions and by a wide variety of applications, the quest for materials with high efficiency to mitigate electromagnetic interferences (EMI) pollution has become a mainstream field of research. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art research in the design and characterization of polymer/carbon based composites as EMI shielding materials. After a brief introduction, in Section 1, the electromagnetic theory will be briefly discussed in Section 2 setting the foundations of the strategies to be employed to design efficient EMI shielding materials. These materials will be classified in the next section by the type of carbon fillers, involving carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and graphene. The importance of the dispersion method into the polymer matrix (melt-blending, solution processing, etc.) on the final material properties will be discussed. The combination of carbon fillers with other constituents such as metallic nanoparticles or conductive polymers will be the topic of Section 4. The final section will address advanced complex architectures that are currently studied to improve the performances of EMI materials and, in some cases, to impart additional properties such as thermal management and mechanical resistance. In all these studies, we will discuss the efficiency of the composites/devices to absorb and/or reflect the EMI radiation.     

聚苯胺/凹凸棒纳米纤维的制备及性能研究

使用硅烷偶联剂苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷(AMTES)改性凹凸棒粘土(ATP),制备了表面具有自组装单片层的SAM-ATP,并以其为模板,制备了结构较为均一的SAM-ATP/PANI纳米纤维。对制备工艺中SAM-ATP的用量进行了探讨,研究表明,当SAM-ATP含量为15.4%(质量分数)时,SAM-ATP/PANI纳米纤维结构较为均一、分散性良好,且具有最好的室温电导率2.3×10-4S/cm,使用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对电导率的变化原因进行了分析,使用热重分析仪(TGA)对材料的热稳定性进行了探讨,研究显示SAM-ATP的引入可有效提高PANI热稳定性。使用傅立叶变换红外分光光度计(FT-IR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对SAM-ATP/PANI纳米复合材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。     

Study of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction based on electroconducting polymer and nickel

The properties and electrocatalytic activity were studied of composite carbon‐supported materials based on heterocyclic polymer and nickel, in particular carbon/polyaniline/nickel, carbon/polypyrrole/nickel, carbon/poly(3‐methylthiophene)/nickel, as well as their precursors, carbon/polyaniline, carbon/polypyrrole, and carbon/poly(3‐methylthiophene). The materials were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDAX, and electrochemical methods, such as cyclic voltammetry and linear voltammetry using RDE. SEM show porous materials, with a particle size of around 0.3 μm. It was found that in nickel‐modified catalysts between 5 and 6 wt % of nickel is obtained. TGA and FTIR show that the modification with nickel alters the polymer bonds. Curves from cyclic voltammetry show cathodic peaks corresponding to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in all materials, occurring at relatively low potentials. Based on the potential range for ORR as well as kinetic parameters obtained from linear voltammetry using RDE, it was concluded that C‐Ppy‐Ni shows the best performance for ORR in acidic medium. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Influence of tungstate ion dopants in corrosion protection behavior of polyaniline coating on mild steel

Electropolymerization of polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline‐tungstate (PANIW) coatings on mild steel were successfully performed using cyclic voltammetry technique. Processes were carried out in aqueous electrolyte solutions of 0.3 M oxalic acid + 0.1 M aniline and 0.3 M oxalic acid + 0.1 M aniline + 0.001 M sodium tungstate dehydrate. Corrosion protection of PANI and PANIW coatings was evaluated with the help of open circuit potential (E_ocp) monitoring and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. All the results reveal the influence of additional doping agent (i.e., tungstate) in corrosion protection behavior of PANI coating.     

The mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the formation of supramolecular polyaniline structures

Polyaniline is one of the most important conducting and responsive polymers. A molecular mechanism for the oxidation of aniline is proposed. This mechanism explains the specific features of aniline oligomerization and polymerization in various acidity ranges. The formation of polyaniline precipitates, colloids and thin films is reviewed and discussed on the basis of the chemistry of aniline oxidation. The generation of nanostructures, i.e. granules, nanotubes, nanowires and microspheres, is also considered. Oligomers containing phenazine constitutional units play an important role in self‐assembly to form templates. Polyaniline chains then grow from these templates and produce the various individual morphologies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Interfacial polymerization of morphologically modified polyaniline: from hollow microspheres to nanowires

BACKGROUND: Polyaniline (PANI) has attracted much attention in many fields due to its chemical and physical properties, and different nanostructures of PANI changing from one‐dimensional to three‐dimensional have been obtained. By changing the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the morphology of hydrochloric acid‐doped polyaniline could be changed from one‐dimensional nanoneedles or nanowires with a network structure (50–100 nm in diameter) to three‐dimensional hollow microspheres (ca 400 nm in outer diameter) via combining interfacial polymerization and self‐assembly process. RESULTS These different nanostructures of PANI were proved using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies. A plausible mechanism of the formation of the changeable nanostructures of PANI may be different from that of interfacial polymerization without surfactant or a traditional homogenous reaction system using CTAB as surfactant. CONCLUSION The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction and the four‐probe method showed that the molecular structure of PANI does not change with increasing CTAB concentration, but crystallinity and conductivity of PANI increase with surfactant concentration. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳米聚苯胺在均相反应介质中的合成与导电性能研究

在丙酮、丁二酮水溶液中采用化学氧化法合成纳米聚苯胺，并研究有机溶剂的含量对纳米聚苯胺导电性能的影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外分光光度计、扫描电镜对其分子结构及微观形貌进行表征。两探针法测试结果表明，在丙酮水溶液中合成的纳米聚苯胺电导率从0．0295 S／cm（纯水介质）提高到0．5640 S／cm；表面电阻从201．28Ω／cm（纯水介质）降至14．89Ω／cm（丙酮体积分数为25％）；在丁二酮水溶液中合成的纳米聚苯胺电导率提高至0．4590 S／cm；表面电阻降低至15．57Ω／cm（丁二酮体积分数为50％）。