丙烯腈嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装研究进展

综述了含聚丙烯腈(PAN)嵌段共聚物的合成方法及其在溶液中的自组装技术。对常用的活性自由基聚合方法,如原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)、可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合、氮氧自由基聚合(NMP)以及钴调介自由基聚合(CMRP)等方面的研究进行了总结,同时对PAN类嵌段共聚物在溶液中的自组装技术进行了概括。最后提出了现有技术存在的问题,并对其今后发展方向进行了展望。     

嵌段共聚物模板法制备CoFe2O4纳米有序点阵列

嵌段共聚物PS-b-PMMA经离心涂膜,在丙酮蒸汽熏蒸条件下发生微相分离自组装,选择性刻蚀后制备了具有有序阵列纳米孔洞的嵌段共聚物模板。然后使用溶胶凝胶法在嵌段共聚物模板上沉积CoFe2O4前驱体,通过热处理去除交联的聚苯乙烯以及使CoFe2O4结晶化,从而制备了CoFe2O4纳米点阵列。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)被用于研究嵌段共聚物模板以及CoFe2O4磁性纳米点阵列的形貌、结构与磁性能。结果显示制备的CoFe2O4纳米点阵列中的纳米点为反尖晶石型CoFe2O4相,直径15~20nm左右、点间距100nm左右。同时,VSM测试显示CoFe2O4纳米点阵列呈铁磁性,矫顽力约为1350×79.6A/m,无明显磁性各向异性。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化/自组装复合膜的耐蚀性能

目的 提高镁合金基体的耐蚀性能.方法 采用微弧氧化工艺对镁合金进行预处理,再通过自组装技术处理,在镁合金表面制备微弧氧化/十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷自组装复合膜层.通过SEM、EDS对复合膜的微观组织结构进行分析,并通过XPS、拉曼光谱分析了复合膜的表面成分,利用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线、盐雾实验和浸泡实验检测了复合膜层的耐腐蚀性能.结果 复合膜均匀覆盖在镁合金表面,且复合膜较为光滑,主要含有C、O、F、Si等元素.经过自组装处理后,膜层从亲水性转为疏水性,接触角达到145.07°.经电化学性能测试,复合膜的Rct值能达到2.242×106?·cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比,增大了2个数量级;此外,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度为1.314×10-8 A/cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比也降低了2个数量级,具有较好的耐腐蚀性.浸泡120 h后,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度仍有1.061×10-5 A/cm2,盐雾实验进行120 h也没有出现明显的腐蚀现象.结论 自组装技术明显提高了镁合金基体的耐蚀性能,微弧氧化膜在一定程度上增强了自组装膜层对基材的粘附力.由于复合膜的疏水性使得水滴在膜层表面停留的时间减少,所以膜层的耐蚀性会随着疏水性增大而大大提高.     

聚合物基表面微结构的逐面式制造技术研究进展

聚合物基表面微结构在软体机器人、柔性电子器件、仿生机械、生物医学、组织工程等领域有着广泛的应用,将逐面式制造技术应用于聚合物基表面微结构的制造过程可解决传统微压印、光刻、逐点和逐线式制造方法加工周期长、效率低、大面积表面微结构制造脱模难等问题。发展聚合物基表面微结构的逐面式制造技术是当前先进制造技术的研究热点之一,具有广阔的应用前景。首先在阐述了常见的聚合物基表面微结构设计及其制造材料的基础上,重点论述了光刻、纳米压印、数字光投影式3D打印、能场辅助制造、自组装制造等五类逐面式成形制造技术方面的最新研究进展,包括各种制造技术的制造原理、工艺特点及表面微结构的典型应用等。最后,总结预测了聚合物基表面微结构设计、制造及应用方面的发展趋势,并对聚合物基表面微结构的逐面式成形制造技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

铁离子检测用自组装膜的光谱特性分析

以聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDDA）和聚4-苯乙烯基磺酸钠（PSS）为前驱体,以1-亚硝基-2-萘酚-3,6-二磺酸二钠一水合物为铁离子指示剂,根据静电自组装原理,设计制备了对铁离子具有光学敏感性的自组装膜。采用紫外可见分光光度计考察了敏感膜的自组装制备过程,分析了不同指示剂含量的敏感膜与铁离子作用前后的光谱变化规律,并通过扫描探针显微镜对其微观形貌进行了观察,通过敏感膜与铁离子作用前后的特征峰分析,初步确定了敏感膜吸光度变化量与铁离子浓度间的对应关系。     

柱状两嵌段共聚物在纳米碗中的自组装

采用动态密度泛函理论,对本体为柱状相的两嵌段共聚物受限于纳米碗中的相行为进行了模拟研究。考察了纳米碗大小和表面作用强度对自组装纳米结构的影响。通过逐渐增大纳米碗直径和衬底相互作用,一方面再现了两嵌段共聚物受限于硅纳米碗实验中出现的纳米结构(单球结构、圆环与中心球结构、六角排列的球结构),另一方面,对碗状受限空间和表面诱导可能出现的新结构进行了预言。此外,利用序参量对自组装过程的物理机制进行了分析。     

通过嵌段共聚物自组装制备哑铃状Au-Fe304纳米粒子排列

通过嵌段共聚物自组装制备哑铃型Au-Fe3O4纳米粒子排列,先通过旋涂含有哑铃型纳米粒子（DBNPs）的聚苯乙烯-b-聚（2-乙烯基吡啶）（PS—b—P2VP）混合溶液得到复合薄膜,再将复合薄膜在高温下退火,实验发现,无论是预先合成的表面带有油酸基团,还是11-巯基十-烷酸修饰的哑铃型纳米粒子,都可以选择性的进入到PS—b—P2VP嵌段共聚物中的P2VP柱状微区中。实验结果表明,在退火过程中,哑铃型纳米粒子可以进入到嵌段共聚物中的一个微区中,并不取决于其表面的化学性质。     

A review of self-assembled monolayers as potential terahertz frequency tunnel diodes

In this review, we describe the principles of the tunnel junction, self-assembled monolayer （SAM） application techniques, experimental testbed fabrication, and characterization of the films and devices. In addition, techniques for directed application, removal, and functionalization of the monolayers are discussed. Bottom-up fabrication techniques have seen increased attention because of their versatility and ease of use. These films see mechanical uses as surface modifiers and micro-scale lubricants. Advances in nanowatt electronics and ultra-low power sensors have opened up an energy harvesting niche for solutions which would have proven ineffective just some years ago. The focus of this study is the two- terminal junction which has potential applications in THz rectification for energy harvesting, medical imaging, and defense sensing. The quantum theory of operation behind these devices is touched on briefly---describing tunneling through the organic monolayers. Commentary on trends in research and potential future work are presented as well.     

A novel design for stable self-assembly cubosome precursor-microparticles enhancing dissolution of insoluble drugs

Cubosomes have been presented to enhance dissolution of insoluble drugs, but their applications are limited by the practical hurdles associated with both preparation and storage instability, resulting in drug delivery failure. In the present study, an innovative cubosome precursor-microparticles (CPMs) spray dried from an aqua-free precursor solution was developed to improve cubosome stability during both preparation and storage as well as to enhance the dissolution of insoluble drugs. These CPMs spontaneously self-assembled in situ forming homogeneous cubosome dispersion by hydration and disintegration after exposure to the aqueous medium. The stable cubosome dispersion was obtained from self-assembly (SA) of CPMs after administration instead of fragmentation of bulk cubic phase gel into cubosomes, which settled the preparation instability due to avoidance of high energy fragmentation (e.g. ultrasonic effect, high speed shear and high pressure homogenization). Also, the subsequent storage instability issue can be excluded as the CPMs were stored in a solid stable form. The CPMs disintegration and cubosome SA were demonstrated by the notable morphology variation and the distinct microparticle size decrease from CPMs (10–20?μm) to SA-cubosomes (150–200?nm). The cumulative release of docetaxel (DTX, model insoluble drug) incorporated in CPMs increased to 96.4% within 120?minutes compared with only 75.2% for blank CPMs and DTX physical mixture, demonstrating that CPMs significantly enhanced the dissolution extent of insoluble drug. The SA-cubosomes possessed quite high drug entrapment efficiency (>95%) and an integrated drug dissolution content, which significantly increased the drug utilization rate.     

Al基纳米复合含能材料的自组装

从Al基纳米复合含能材料的能量方面着手分析比较了各种制备方法的优劣,凸显出了自组装法制备Al基纳米复合含能材料的优势。自组装制备方法能够有效控制Al基纳米复合含能材料中粒子的排布,增加粒子各自的分散性和组分粒子之间的接触,缩短了粒子之间的传质和传热距离,提高了Al基纳米复合含能材料的燃烧速率、反应活性和能量利用率。将目前报道的Al基纳米复合含能材料的自组装制备方法分为两类(直接组装法和间接组装法)进行论述总结,最后提出了自组装法在含能材料制备中的发展方向。附参考文献41篇。