Live Cell Imaging of Enzymatic Turnover of an Adenosine 5′-Tetraphosphate Analog

The hydrolysis of nucleotides is of paramount importance as an energy source for cellular processes. In addition, the transfer of phosphates from nucleotides onto proteins is important as a post-translational protein modification. Monitoring the enzymatic turnover of nucleotides therefore offers great potential as a tool to follow enzymatic activity. While a number of fluorescence sensors are known, so far, there are no methods available for the real-time monitoring of ATP hydrolysis inside live cells. We present the synthesis and application of a novel fluorogenic adenosine 5′-tetraphosphate (Ap4) analog suited for this task. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, the molecule displays an increase in fluorescence intensity, which provides a readout of its turnover. We demonstrate how this can be used for monitoring cellular processes involving Ap4 hydrolysis. To this end, we visualized the enzymatic activity in live cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy of the Ap4 analog. Our results demonstrate that the Ap4 analog is hydrolyzed in lysosomes. We show that this approach is suited to visualize the lysosome distribution profiles within the live cell and discuss how it can be employed to gather information regarding autophagic flux.     

基于EMTP/ATP的双馈式风力发电系统的模型与实现

以电力系统电磁暂态分析软件EMTP/ATP为平台,采用电机矢量控制技术以及比例-积分调节器串联校正等方法建立了双馈风力发电系统的电磁暂态仿真模型,该模型包括风速模型、风力机模型、双馈发电机模型,以及有功、无功解耦控制系统的模型。依据变速风电机组的运行特性对该模型进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了该模型的有效性。     

生物发光法细菌快速检测仪的研制及应用

基于ATP生物发光法,研制了一种细菌快速检测仪。该检测仪内置高精度A/D转换器,以小型光电倍增管进行光电转换,结合实验室自制的生物传感器,集光路、电路及软件设计于一体,组成了完整的细菌快速检测系统。其用于大肠杆菌标准品溶液检测时,检测结果与培养计数法结果的相关系数(R)达到0.9760,同时获得了仪表检测光强和细菌浓度关系曲线。针对实际样品检测中存在的问题,提出了相应的数据处理改进算法,引入了校准方程修正系数,用于食品及卡介苗样品检测,获得了良好的检测结果。对猴头菇类食品样品检测的结果与培养计数法检测结果的R达到0.993,重复性检测的相对平均偏差(R.A.D.)为7.69%,变异系数(CV)为9.07%。对卡介苗(BCG)样品检测结果与培养计数法检测结果的R达到0.997,R.A.D.为5.72%,CV为7.73%。与传统培养计数法相比,该仪表具有较好的检测速度,准确度和重复性。     

电力变压器励磁涌流的仿真研究

在分析变压器励磁涌流产生原因基础上,分析了系统阻抗、合闸角、剩磁以及变压器接线形式对励磁涌流的影响,并利用ATP平台进行了仿真验证。励磁涌流的仿真分析和研究将有助于电力变压器励磁涌流的判别。     

凹凸棒土负载CeO2-La2O3复合材料制备表征及催化性能

以凹凸棒土(ATP)为载体, 以Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O和La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O为原料, 以C₆H₁₂N₄(HMT)为沉淀剂, 采用均相沉淀法制备了不同铈镧比的CeO₂-La₂O₃/ATP(Ce:La=9:1~3:7, 摩尔比, 下同)复合材料。用TG-DSC、 TEM、 XRD和FTIR对所制备复合材料的微观结构和形貌进行表征, 并分别考察不同铈镧比和H₂O₂添加量对酸性品红模拟废水脱色降解的影响。结果表明, 当Ce:La=5:5时, CeO₂-La₂O₃固溶体颗粒均匀分布在ATP表面, 颗粒尺寸为5~10 nm。随着铈镧摩尔比的增加, 酸性品红的降解率呈先增后减的趋势, 且当Ce:La=5:5、 H₂O₂为10 mL、 酸性品红浓度为100 mg/L时, 降解效果最好, 300 min后的最大降解率达82%。     

500 kV带高抗平行输电线路非全相谐振问题研究

从非全相状态下开断相谐振和邻线谐振的基本原理出发,分析了高抗中性点小电抗器限制谐振的数学模型,并计算了典型线路避开谐振的小电抗器数值解,通过理论推导和实际线路的仿真验证,分析了非全相谐振的影响因素,给出了抑制谐振的措施.     

两种鲟鱼卵的鲜味相关物质含量比较分析

比较分析俄罗斯鲟和西伯利亚鲟鱼卵的鲜味氨基酸、ATP(腺苷三磷酸)及其关联物、甜菜碱含量,评价两种鲟鱼卵的营养及鲜味特性。采用氨基酸分析仪分析氨基酸组成、高效液相色谱法分析ATP 及其关联物的含量和色谱法分析甜菜碱的含量。结果表明：俄罗斯鲟鱼卵的氨基酸总量(∑AA)显著高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵(P＜0.05),必需氨基酸(∑EAA)和非必需氨基酸(∑NEAA)的含量均略高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵,并且俄罗斯鲟鱼卵的鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量明显高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵,其鲜味氨基酸总量分别为83.84mg/L和80.53mg/L。IMP(肌苷酸)对鲟鱼卵的鲜味有很大贡献,在俄罗斯鲟鱼卵和西伯利亚鲟鱼卵中分别为4.33mg/100g和3.83mg/100g。俄罗斯鲟鱼卵中甜菜碱的含量明显高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵。两种鲟鱼卵中均含有丰富的鲜味物质,但从DAA、IMP和甜菜碱的含量来看,俄罗斯鲟鱼卵的以上营养价值均优于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵。     

煤矿下井电缆短路故障限流方法研究

介绍了大容量高速开关FSR的工作原理及结构,论述了将FSR并联在电抗器两端串接于煤矿下井电缆线路中的限流方法。通过分析其动作时序与EMTP/ ATP仿真模型,对煤矿供电系统正常及短路时线路电流、电压变化过程进行了深入研究。EMTP/ ATP仿真结果表明,采用该方法既可有效限制短路电流水平,又能减小限流电抗器在线路正常工作情况下的能耗损失。     

不同终点pH值溶液制备对Fe/ATP吸附剂脱硫性能

以凹凸棒石（ATP）为载体,采用直接沉淀法制备了不同反应终点溶液pH值的Fe/ATP吸附剂。采用XRD、H2 TPR、UV vis和CO2 TPD表征了所制备的吸附剂,并在室温下固定床反应器中考察了其脱硫性能。结果表明,ATP负载铁氧化物可以有效提高吸附剂的脱硫性能。增加反应终点溶液pH值,可以使所制备的Fe/ATP吸附剂的堆密度减小,孔体积以及孔隙率增大,分散性和表面碱性增强,从而提高了吸附剂的脱硫活性,穿透硫容可达到2050%。添加载体以及提高反应终点溶液pH值可以显著改善吸附剂的脱硫性能。     

Effect of Gamma Radiation and Oregano Essential Oil on Murein and ATP Concentration of Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT:  The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of gamma-irradiation alone or in combination with oregano essential oil on murein composition of  Staphylococcus aureus  and on the intracellular and extracellular concentration of ATP. The bacterial strain was treated with 3 irradiation doses: 1.2 kGy to induce cell damage, 2.9 kGy to obtain a viable but nonculturable state, and 3.5 kGy to cause cell death. Oregano essential oil was used at 0.010% and 0.013% (w/v), which is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All treatments had a significant effect ( P  ≤ 0.05) on the murein composition, although some muropeptides did not seem to be affected by the treatment. Each treatment influenced differently the relative percentage and number of muropeptides. There was a significant ( P  ≤ 0.05) correlation between the reduction of intracellular ATP and increase in extracellular ATP following treatment of the cells with oregano oil. The reduction of intracellular ATP was even more important when essential oil was combined with irradiation. Also, irradiation alone of  S. aureus  induced a significant decrease ( P  ≤ 0.05) of the internal ATP and a significant increase ( P  ≤ 0.05) of the external ATP. However, no significant difference ( P  > 0.05) was observed in ATP concentrations between different radiation doses. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that oregano oil and irradiation have an effect on cell wall structure.