A human-machine interface evaluation method: A difficulty evaluation method in information searching (DEMIS)

A human-machine interface (HMI) evaluation method, which is named “difficulty evaluation method in information searching (DEMIS)”, is proposed and demonstrated with an experimental study. The DEMIS is based on a human performance model and two measures of attentional-resource effectiveness in monitoring and detection tasks in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Operator competence and HMI design are modeled to be most significant factors to human performance. One of the two effectiveness measures is fixation-to-importance ratio (FIR) which represents attentional resource (eye fixations) spent on an information source compared to importance of the information source. The other measure is selective attention effectiveness (SAE) which incorporates FIRs for all information sources. The underlying principle of the measures is that the information source should be selectively attended to according to its informational importance. In this study, poor performance in information searching tasks is modeled to be coupled with difficulties caused by poor mental models of operators or/and poor HMI design. Human performance in information searching tasks is evaluated by analyzing the FIR and the SAE. Operator mental models are evaluated by a questionnaire-based method. Then difficulties caused by a poor HMI design are evaluated by a focused interview based on the FIR evaluation and then root causes leading to poor performance are identified in a systematic way.     

Collective Intelligence in Design

In their introduction to this issue, Christopher Hight and Chris Perry define the idea of collective intelligence in its relationship to design practice and to broader technological and social formations. First they suggest a reformulation of practices around networked communication infrastructures as conduits for the new orchestrations of power that Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt detailed in their books Empire and Multitude. They then describe how such practices are often involved in the development of responsive sensing environments as new sites for manifesting the social organisations and communities made possible via telecommunications and the Internet. Lastly, they address how traditional boundaries of design disciplines and knowledge, from architecture to programming, are opening into complex co-minglings of their respective isolated ‘intelligences’ into collectives capable of engaging these new sites, new briefs and new sorts of projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论依法治国与依法行政的若干措施

依法治国与依法行政是发展社会主义市场经济的客观要求。为此,需要制定若干措施：要提高党政干部的法律意识;领导干部要带头学法用法;必须贯彻依法治国的方略;必须依法行政。     

试论企业文化素质管理

企业发展的实践与企业管理的研究都表明,作为一种经济组织的企业,存在着大量的非经济因素,其中一种是文化因素。即将到来的２１世纪是知识经济时代,文化力将成为重要的决定因素。企业不应该仅限于用经济的手段和技术的措施实施管理,还应该采用文化手段来建立一种全新的管理──企业文化素质管理。     

香港、台湾地区及国外城市规划机构设置研究

社会主义市场经济的建立,使城市的发展机制发生重大变化,城市规划调控的对象日益复杂化,城市规划管理的难度加大。原有的规划管理体制已无法满足城市规划管理的需求。在２１世纪即将到来之际,我国有必要借鉴中外城市规划行政管理体制的成功经验。完善各级城市规划行政管理机构的管理职责,健全机构,促进城市规划事业的健康发展。本文介绍了我国香港、台湾地区及美国、英国、日本、新加坡、澳大利亚等国家的城市规划机构的设置情况,供国内各级城市规划管理机构改革时参考。     

城市规划行政的法治化

作者从依法治国的时代要求入手,通过对目前城市规划中行政行为的再认识,从“立法、执法、司法、守法和监督”五个方面对城市规划的法治化进行了构想,认为城市规划是一种在“羁束”下的行政行为,城市规划法治化离不开健全的城市规划法制,离不开人的意识,更离不开对城市规划行政的监督。     

数据仓库管理技术的研究

本文研究了数据仓库管理中的一些关键技术,包括数据复制技术、故障恢复、访问控制与安全、数据增长的管理、数据库性能的管理、以及数据仓库的档次与扩充等。     

黑龙江省农垦建三江管理局区域农业水资源系统恢复力研究

为研究黑龙江省农垦建三江管理局区域农业水资源系统恢复力,运用可变模糊优选模型研究了其下属15个农场的水资源系统恢复力,分析了水资源、社会、经济以及生态环境四个子系统对农业水资源系统恢复力的影响机制,并利用ArcGIS绘制农业水资源系统恢复力等级空间分布图。结果显示建三江管理局农业水资源系统恢复力自西南向东北逐渐增强;其中洪河农场农业水资源系统恢复力最强,勤得利农场次之,创业、前锋、二道河、浓江农场农业水资源系统恢复力一般,其余9个农场农业水资源系统恢复力最弱。研究结果对建三江管理局农业水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。     

鲲鹏展翅飞移民伟业兴——丰都县行政办公区的设计创意和问题思考

结合重庆市丰都县特有的山地地形地势及深邃的文化内涵,设计师作出了顺应自然的总体设计构思及场地景观设计。本文对丰都县行政办公区的工程设计构思作法提出了回顾和问题思考。     

Social security administration's progress in modernizing its computer operations

This review of the Social Security Administration's information processing efforts by the GAO offers an interesting update to some of the earlier articles that appeared in SOS about Social Security. It appears from the report that progress is being made. However, there have been some changes in a plan that was to result in major improvements in systems at SSA.In particular, the GAO has found the SS Administration does not plan to document existing systems before proceeding with the design of new applications. The investigators are concerned that it will be difficult to develop good specifications if present designs are not documented. On the side of the Administration is the fact that tremendous resources are needed to document existing systems that may be mostly abandoned when new ones are implemented.This discussion of software engineering and design philosophy mirrors what is happening in other organizations faced with the need to make major redesigns of existing applications.