A,X,P型分子筛的原位制备与结构控制

以天然矿物红辉沸石为原料,采用"酸处理红辉沸石--碱--铝酸钠--水"水热反应体系,在晶化温度95℃,晶化时间为7h条件下,根据不同分子筛相应结构比,通过控制SiO2/Al2O3,SiO2/Na2O和H2O/Na2O的摩尔比,制备出A、X、P型分子筛,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、Fourier红外光谱和热重--差热分析仅分析相应结构和性能特征。结果表明,生成的A、X、P型分子筛分别为立方四面体,立方八面体和四方晶系结构,结晶度分别高达97%,96%和97%,体积粒径范围分别为3.5~4μm、2~3μm和1~3μm,脱水活化能分别达到35.48、30.03和19.11kcal/mol,产率分别为94.7%、91.4%和90.2%。     

Evolution of structure and electrical properties with lanthanum content in [(Bi1/2Na1/2)0.95Ba0.05]1−xLaxTiO3 ceramics

Lead-free perovskite [(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)_0.95Ba_0.05]_1−xLa_xTiO₃ (x = 0.00–0.10) ceramics were fabricated via the solid state reaction method and their crystal structures and electrical properties were systematically studied. Transmission electron microscopy examination reveals a transition from a rhombohedral R3c phase with micron-sized complex domains to a mixture of rhombohedral R3c and tetragonal P4bm phases with nanodomains as La content was increased. X-ray diffraction analysis on bulk samples, however, indicates a pseudocubic structure in La-doped compositions. Electrical poling seems to transform the pseudocubic structure to a rhombohedral phase in compositions with 0.00 < x < 0.03. With La addition, the depolarization temperature (T_d) is observed to decrease and the dielectric constant (ɛ_r) within 100–350 °C becomes more temperature independent, promising for applications in high-temperature capacitors. Electric field-induced polarizations and strains display complex changes with respect to La concentration, with the highest strain of 0.35% achieved in the composition x = 0.04 under 70 kV/cm at room temperature. The piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ initially increases with La content, reaching a maximum value of 151 pC/N in the composition x = 0.02, and then diminishes.     

Origin of extrinsic dielectric loss in 1:2 ordered,single-phase BaMg1/3Ta2/3O3

Among the family of temperature-compensated microwave dielectric ceramics, BaMg_1/3Ta_2/3O₃ shows the lowest dielectric loss and remains a material of choice for state-of-the-art airborne and land-based communication systems. We report on the compositional stability range, microwave dielectric properties, and the degree of atomic order of the title compound within the BaO–MgO–Ta₂O₅ ternary diagram. In most cases an atomic order is robust to the deviation from stoichiometry with an exception of Ba-rich and/or Ta-deficient samples which favor (partial) disorder. We further demonstrate that the dense, atomically ordered BaMg_1/3Ta_2/3O₃ ceramic shows large variation of dielectric loss within a single phase composition region – a clear message that the dielectric loss in practical ceramics is dominated by extrinsic sources and that the cation order alone is insufficient to achieve a minimum dielectric loss in BaMg_1/3Ta_2/3O₃. The low-temperature dielectric relaxation studies suggest that the extrinsic dielectric loss in the title compound is due to the ‘rattling’ of the off-centered Mg²⁺ ions misplaced at the Ba sites. Controlled deviation from the BaMg_1/3Ta_2/3O₃ stoichiometry toward the Mg-deficient region leads to suppression of the extrinsic dielectric loss as a result of the reduced chemical activity of Mg ion.     

Effects of mesoporous silica particles on the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate

Rod‐like and spherical mesoporous SBA‐15 silica particles were synthesized as pure silicas and surface modified by organosilane coupling agents firstly, and then the effects of these mesoporous materials on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), the stabilities of batch and semi‐continuous MMA emulsion polymerizations, and the molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of the polymer products were studied. The incorporation of both unmodified and silane‐modified forms of the mesoporous silica particles in the polymerization reaction increased the CMC of SDS. The presence of the unmodified mesoporous silica in the polymerization process led to instability in the batch emulsion polymerization process, as indicated by the formation of increased amounts of coagulum, and a decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer product. However, in comparison to the polymer formed in the absence of particle additives the molecular weight of the PMMA polymer increased with the amount of emulsifier and the addition of silane‐modified SBA‐15 particles, suggesting the growth of the polymer chains is facilitated at least in part by reaction in the pores of the particles. The improvement in molecular weight indicates that semi‐continuous MMA emulsion polymerization is best suited for the preparation of PMMA–mesoporous silica composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2746–2752, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

浅谈“因材施教”专业英语教学——以化工专业英语为例

随着就业形势日趋严峻,用人单位对应聘者的要求越来越高。因此,高技能复合型外语人才倍受青睐。提高学生就业竞争优势已然成为高职高专教育发展的巨大挑战和必然趋势。文章通过分析化工专业英语教学现状,提出"因材施教"、学校自出教材和增大专业英语教学实习实训的几点建议。     

巧用符号规则快速演算Maxwell关系式

Maxwell关系式是化学热力学中非常重要的公式,但公式中存在交替出现的偏导数和状态函数变量,导致公式结构相似、难记忆。本文针对Maxwell关系式难记忆的问题,介绍一种简单、高效的记忆方法—符号规则记忆法,在教学过程中引入符号规则,成功解决学生记忆Maxwell关系式的难题,学生熟练掌握Maxwell关系式。     

地方高校材料大类复合型人才培养模式研究与探索

地方高校材料大类专业复合型人才培养是实现材料大类专业的可持续性发展和为地方经济发展服务的重要保障。文章从课程体系、实践教学体系、师资队伍建设和创新能力培养等方面对材料大类专业的复合型人才培养模式进行了系统的研究与探索。     

项目驱动教学在药学实验中的应用

以学生为主体,教师为主导,将新药萘普西诺的合成项目应用于药学实验中,旨在完成任务的过程中激发学生探索的积极性和自主学习的兴趣,变被动学习为主动学习,培养学生发现问题和解决问题的能力、创新能力以及严谨的科研素质,为培养卓越药学人才奠定基础。     

未知环氧固化剂的色谱分析和光谱解析

对未知固化剂样进行简单拆分后,用红外光谱仪、气质联用仪、核磁共振波谱仪和薄层色谱分别对溶剂和溶质成分进行剖析,经过鉴定,溶剂成份为二甲苯,占45%质量分数,溶质成份为工业油胺,为该固化剂的关键有效成份,占55%质量份数。经过气相色谱定量分析,并与90%含量的油胺试剂比较,确定该油胺的含量在54.7%～61.5%之间,属于等级较低的工业油胺。本研究结果为固化剂的选材和定性提供了真实可靠的技术依据。     

食品质量与安全课程教学改革的几点设想与思路

近年来我国食品安全问题层出不穷。新形势下的食品质量与安全课程教学面临巨大的挑战。本文主要从优化教学内容和有机整合多样教学方法两方面出发,初步探讨了食品质量与安全课程教学改革的若干方案,尝试为培养创新-应用型高素质食品检测人才探索新的有效途径。