基于变权与正态云理论的煤矿安全评价及应用

为准确对煤矿安全状态作出客观评价,综合考虑评估过程中指标的模糊性和状态随机性,构建基于变权与正态云理论的煤矿安全状态评估模型。结合正态云的数字特征量期望、熵、超熵组成的特定结构函数确定安全状态评判矩阵,得出各评价指标隶属于不同等级的确定度。同时为了避免常权方法确定权重的局限性及突出关键指标对综合评判结果的影响,引入变权理论对常权权重进行处理得到变权。结合实例研究,发现基于变权云理论评判方法对取值较差的指标作用不会被其他指标作用中和,可以有效地反映煤矿的真实安全状态,能够为煤矿的安全风险预测提供了一种技术途径。     

基于混合时间序列卷积神经网络的轴承故障诊断

在传统滚动轴承故障诊断中,绝大多数方法采用了从振动信号提取特征的诊断模式,但是这种模式必然会使原始信号降维进而导致故障信息的丢失。卷积神经网络(CNN)通过权重共享和稀疏连接直接对原始信号进行操作,实现自适应特征提取,最大化保留故障信息。受CNN原理启发,开发出了一种基于工业振动信号特征的新型诊断框架,称之为混合时间序列CNN(HTS-CNN)。首先,利用估计总体比例的方法自适应确定模型训练样本数目;其次,通过对时间序列片段进行随机组合的方式,使模型能够提取非相邻信号特征;最后,利用Softmax激活函数在模型输出端执行多分类任务。通过对凯斯西储大学及CUT-2平台轴承数据进行分析,实验结果表明:该方法能够准确、有效的对滚动轴承故障进行分类。     

火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的失效分析

拱顶油罐受外部火焰烘烤发生失效爆炸，易造成严重人员伤亡和巨大经济损失。为对火灾条件下拱顶油罐的失效爆炸进行预警，通过高温材料力学性能实验平台对拱顶油罐弱连接结构进行破坏测试，得出不同火灾温度条件下弱连接结构失效的拉断力和应力值。实验结果表明，当温度高于300℃时，拉断力和失效应力值变化显著，其中450℃为变化峰值温度。在此基础上，构建了拱顶油罐失效压力计算模型，推导出了不同容积拱顶油罐在不同火灾温度下的失效压力。所得结果可作为拱顶油罐失效的判定依据，为油罐的爆炸预警提供数据支撑。     

Preparation of Al2O3 coating on TiN coating by polymer-assisted deposition to improve oxidation resistance in coking inhibition applications

In order to inhibit the metal catalytic coking and improve oxidation resistance of single TiN coating, the TiN/Al₂O₃ double layer coatings were designed as a chemically inert coating for methylcyclohexane supercritical pyrolysis. Internal TiN coatings were prepared by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using TiCl₄–H₂–N₂ system. The external Al₂O₃ coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the TiN surface by polymer-assisted deposition, and the coating with the most suitable thickness was further annealed at different temperatures of 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C. The morphology, elemental and phase composition of TiN/Al₂O₃ coatings were characterized by SEM, EDX and XRD respectively. The chemical state information of the coating elements was based on Ti 2p, Al 2p core level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. The results indicated that the external Al₂O₃ coating will partially peel off at 900 °C annealing temperature. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that all TiN/Al₂O₃ coatings show better oxidation resistance than single-layer TiN coating. The anti-coking test with methylcyclohexane supercritical pyrolysis showed that the TiN/Al₂O₃ coatings can effectively cover the metal catalytic sites and eliminate metal catalytic coking. However, the acid sites of external Al₂O₃ coating slightly promoted coking, so the anti-coking ratios of TiN/Al₂O₃ coatings were smaller than that of TiN. Thus, the addition of external Al₂O₃ coating can greatly improve the oxidation resistance of TiN coatings with little loss of coking resistance.     

固体颗粒二次封孔一体化技术的研究与应用

为解决钻孔抽采瓦斯过程中抽采一段时间后,由于钻孔周围裂隙发育与外界连通导致瓦斯浓度大幅度降低的问题,在原有二次封孔方法的基础上提出了二次封孔一体化技术。阐述了二次封孔一体化原理,建立煤(岩)裂隙特性对瓦斯抽采质量影响的数值分析模型,分析采动影响区与原始煤体内裂隙宽度与裂隙间距对与瓦斯抽采质量的影响情况。在盘江矿区山脚树煤矿南井21129工作面运输巷与金佳煤矿1137工作面运输巷开展了工业试验,结果表明:在山脚树煤矿采用固体颗粒二次封孔一体化技术可使瓦斯浓度平均提高23.3%,瓦斯抽采有效期平均延长24d;在金佳煤矿可使瓦斯浓度平均提高17.2%,瓦斯抽采有效期平均延长22d,为贵州矿区高瓦斯煤层的安全高效开采提供了参考和借鉴。     

不合理采矿工程活动对基岩顺层滑坡的影响：以纳雍县姑开乡胜利村冲子山体滑坡为例

基岩顺层滑坡在贵州是较为常见，其形成影响因素与根据地质灾害孕育特征也有所不同，其中不合理采矿工程活动也是导致基岩顺层滑坡的原因之一，在贵州境内也多次造成群死群伤的灾害事件，也是地质灾害防治重点。本文以纳雍县姑开乡胜利村冲子山体滑坡为例，在对滑坡地质环境背景条件、基本特征以及成因分析的基础上，取得了一定经验认识和启示，这对顺层基岩发育区如何避免采矿工程活动引发地质灾害具有一定的参考意义。     

Identification of active sites in CO2 activation on MgO supported Ni cluster

In this work, initial activation mechanism of CO₂ over MgO supported Ni catalysts has been systematically studied through the periodic DFT calculations. In addition, the role of metal cluster, interface and support for CO₂ activation is investigated and the active site is identified. CO₂ is most favored to be activated on the interface instead of neither Ni cluster nor MgO support. The effective energy for this process is around 0.67 eV, and the dissociation of CO₂ (0.62 eV) is the rate-determining step, since it requires much higher energy than that of the CO₂ adsorption process (0.05 eV). Thus, the interface between metal cluster and support plays a key role for C=O bond activation. Moreover, CO1 is preferred to be adsorbed on the Ni cluster, while the O1 is likely to bind on Mg atom of support. To illustrate the adsorption behavior of CO₂ at different sites, the Mulliken atomic charge and electron density difference have been calculated. It was found that the total amount of electron gain for CO₂ binding at different sites follows the order of Interface (−0.03 e) < MgO support (−0.05 e) < Ni cluster (−0.07 e), and effective energy barrier rises linearly with the increase of electron gain of CO₂ binding at different sites. In addition, electron gain of oxygen atom O1 and oxygen atom O2 of CO₂ is the same for Ni cluster and MgO support, however, the electron gain of O1 and O2 is different for Interface. The difference of electron gain for two oxygen atoms shows the electron unbalance of CO₂ molecule, which is in favor of C=O activation. This study could shed some light on understanding the active sites of CO₂ thermal-catalytic activation over MgO supported Ni catalysts, and is helpful to elucidate the reaction on an atomic level.     

茅台酒厂26层剪力墙结构大楼爆破拆除

根据茅台酒厂钟楼的结构特性、周围环境特点及爆破要求,分析该栋26层高楼的爆破拆除控制要点,采用了单向三折叠的爆破方案。通过爆破方法预先拆除切口内部分剪力墙,有效地降低爆破总药量;通过切口间开设铰链,使大楼在空中充分解体,减小了塌落体的触地块度,从而降低了触地冲击;采用胶皮网覆盖和敷设减振带等防护措施,有效地控制了爆破飞石及触地振动。结合高速摄影对钟楼倒塌后坐造成排污管及排污沟破坏的原因进行了分析,可为类似工程提供参考。     

一种云计算数字签名技术的研究与实现

由于云计算具有可靠性高、成本低、性能高等特点,已经成为了新一代信息技术变革的核心。为了能够有效推动互联网安全架构的可持续性发展。本文提出了一种云计算数字签名技术,该技术有机结合了云计算技术与数字签名技术。首先阐述了数字签名系统中应用云计算技术的价值,其次,分析了云计算数字签名技术的实现模型,并且设计了云计算数字签名协议,最后,开展了实例分析,将云计算数字签名技术应用到移动营业厅的业务信息交易中。结果表明：所有业务均可在网上完成,那么既可大大方便用户,又可降低移动营业厅的工作量,还可确保业务信息交易的可靠性、唯一性、真实性、安全性与不可抵赖性。通过结果分析得出结论：云计算数字签名技术既可保障签名文件的完整性与真实性,又可跨平台操作签名文件,还可让数字签名模型利用互联网来对密码运算基础设施进行便捷化、可靠化地访问。     

面向电网实时运行风险的快速定级方法研究及应用

为满足电网运行实时风险评估时效性要求,解决电网运行实时风险评估与定级中效率与精度两者间协调的问题,在当前国家和主要电网企业规定的电网运行事故定级标准基础上提出了一种快速定级方法。快速定级方法充分考虑了电网运行实际特性,采取数据治理和算法重构两方面主要措施,对原判定方法进行优化处理。通过数据治理,大幅降低了对外部数据的依赖性,并取消了部分不必要的输入数据。采用算法重构,进一步将运行风险定级与实际业务流程紧密联系。以该快速定级方法为核心,构建了支撑电网运行风险分析与事故处置的实时运行风险管理系统,介绍了该系统的功能框架与系统架构。最后结合该系统在贵阳的实际应用情况,分析了快速定级方法的实际使用效益。