Volatile compounds released by disturbed and calm adults of the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris

Volatile compounds released by disturbed and calm female and male Lygus lineolaris were collected and analyzed. Six major compounds were present in samples from disturbed bugs and from calm females: (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, and (E)-2,4-oxohexenal. (E)-2-hexenal was lacking in volatiles collected from calm males. Hexyl butyrate accounted for approximately 68% and 66% of volatiles released by agitated and calm females, and 87% and 88% of volatiles released by agitated and calm males, respectively. Blends released by disturbed insects differed quantitatively from blends released by calm insects, with amounts of compounds increasing 75–350 times in samples from disturbed insects. In static air bioassays, both females and males were repelled by natural volatiles collected from females and by five-component [(E)-2,4-oxohexenal excluded] and six-component synthetic blends at doses of 1 and 10 bug-hours, indicating that these volatiles may serve an alarm or epideictic function, as well as a possible role as defensive allomones. Adults also avoided hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenol, and (E)-2,4-oxohexenal, but not 1-hexanol and (E)-2-hexenal when compounds were assayed individually in static air bioassays at doses equal to 1 bug-hour. When tested over 1 day in two-choice cage trials, adults did not prefer untreated bean plants over bean plants surrounded by vials releasing up to 8.1 mg/hr (=234 bug-hours) of the five-component synthetic blend. Therefore, the volatiles produced by disturbed adults would not be useful as a repellent for L. lineolaris.     

标识符重命名不一致性缺陷的检测

为解决已有的克隆代码及相关缺陷检测工具无法分析大型程序代码,又不能识别经过修改了的克隆代码的问题,在改进基于频繁子序列挖掘的克隆代码检测模型基础上,提出了基于序列挖掘的C克隆代码及标识符重命名不一致性缺陷检测模型.该模型改进了已有的忘记修改某标识符缺陷检测子模型,并增加了错误修改某标识符缺陷检测子模型,通过计算标识符未...     

Effects of processing on the quality and stability of three unconventional Sudanese oils

In a refining experiment, on a laboratory scale, crude oils from Sclerocarya birrea (SCO), sorghum bugs (SBO), water‐extracted melon bugs (MBO H₂O) and solvent‐extracted melon bugs (MBO SOL) were processed by alkali refining. Quality changes were characterized by the determination of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value, tocopherols, sterols, phosphatides and stability against oxidation (Rancimat test). In addition, the fatty acid composition was determined. It is clear that the contents of phosphatides, peroxides, tocopherols, sterols as well as oxidative stability were reduced during processing, while FFA were nearly totally removed. The content of phosphorus was reduced in SCO, SBO, MBO H₂O and MBO SOL by 26, 19, 12, and 78%, respectively, while complete oil processing removed 95, 99, 96 and 99% of the FFA in crude oils, respectively. The level of total tocopherols decreased during processing by 38.7, 83.8, 100, and 33.3%, respectively. The color decreased through the processing steps up to bleaching; then, in the deodorization step, it darkened sharply in all samples. No change in the fatty acid composition was observed. The order of oxidation stability was crude > degummed > deodorized > neutralized > bleached, in SCO; and crude > degummed > neutralized > bleached = deodorized, in MBO H₂O; and crude > degummed > deodorized > neutralized > bleached in MBO SOL; while in SBO, the order of oxidative stability was deodorized > crude > degummed > neutralized = bleached. Total sterols decreased by 42–92% in the processed oils, compared with crude oils.     

基于变异技术的程序故障自动化修复方法

结合故障定位技术, 提出了一种基于变异的程序故障自动化修复方法, 并采用该方法阐释了C程序表达式故障的变异修复机制, 研制了C程序故障自动化修复辅助工具。通过对实际故障系统案例的分析, 证明了方法的有效性。     

基于VBA开发技术的接口测试技术研究

对于软件系统来说,接口是连通所有配置项的桥梁。系统的接口一旦发生异常,轻则导致整个系统的运行不畅,严重的会导致系统无法正常工作,其风险性不言丽喻。因此在软件开发阶段尽可能地发现接口缺陷可以大大降低软件成本,并提升软件的稳定性。但是当前针对配置项间的接口测试主要依靠网络上的一些网络H／串口报文收发工具。这些工具虽然能满足基本的报文收发功能,却无法从测试的角度针对各个报文字段灵活地生成正常／异常测试数据并根据测试需要灵活收发。文中探讨了接口测试需求,并在此基础上给出了通过VBA技术实现的工具实例。     

基于遗传编程的学生程序修正方法

学生程序的自动修正是程序设计类大规模网络公开课亟需解决的关键问题。结合学生程序在线评测的需求,提出了基于遗传编程的学生程序修正模型,设计并实现了基于Web的便于教师和学生使用的程序自动修正系统。基于测试用例集实现程序在线评测,对评测结果中满足自动修正条件的学生程序进行错误定位,在此基础上实现自动修正。应用结果表明,该系统可以有效管理、测试学生程序、并为学生修正含有缺陷的程序提供参考,减轻了教师的负担。     

Attraction of Piezodorus hybneri to the Aggregation Pheromone Components of Riptortus clavatus

The aggregation pheromone of Riptortus clavatus (Heteroptera: Alydidae) consists of (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate (E2HZ3H), (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate (E2HE2H), and myristyl isobutyrate (MI). Experiments were conducted to examine the attraction of Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to the pheromone components of R. clavatus, individually and in combination, and to determine if P. hybneri produces these compounds. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of P. hybneri to E2HE2H were significant in a dose dependent manner, while those to E2HZ3H were not significantly different from those to hexane and air. Field trapping tests using E2HZ3H, E2HE2H, and MI, individually or in combination, showed that only E2HE2H was attractive to P. hybneri. E2HE2H was not detected in whole-body extracts or volatile collections from either sex of P. hybneri adults. We propose that the response of P. hybneri adults to the R. clavatus aggregation pheromone may be related to finding suitable host plants.     

陶瓷材料的切削加工

分析了陶瓷材料在切削加工中产生缺陷的机理 ,并提出了解决方法。     

Oxidative Responses of St. Augustinegrasses to Feeding of Southern Chinch Bug, Blissus insularis Barber

Southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae), is a serious insect pest of St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, a turfgrass commonly grown in the southeastern United States. Resistance to southern chinch bug has been identified in the polyploid St. Augustinegrass varieties ‘Floratam’ and ‘FX-10’, and the diploid ‘Captiva’. However, southern chinch bug in Florida and elsewhere has overcome Floratam’s resistance. This research investigated the potential role of selected plant oxidative enzymes in resistance/susceptibility to southern chinch bug in two polyploid varieties (FX-10 and Floratam) and two diploid varieties (Captiva and Palmetto). Oxidative enzyme activity was estimated spectrophotometrically from plant samples collected 1, 3, 5, and 8 days after southern chinch bug infestation and from uninfested control plants. Resistant FX-10 and Captiva had significantly higher peroxidase activity, while Captiva had significantly higher polyphenol oxidase activity 5 and 8 days after infestation compared to uninfested controls. FX-10 had higher lipoxygenase activity 3, 5, and 8 days after infestation compared to uninfested controls. Catalase activities did not differ between infested and control plants in any of the varieties tested. Native gels stained for peroxidase indicated that certain isozymes in FX-10 and Captiva were induced 5 and 8 days after infestation. Isozyme profiles of polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase did not differ between control and infested FX-10, Floratam, Captiva, and Palmetto. Potential mechanisms to explain the correlation of resistance to southern chinch bug in FX-10 and Captiva with higher activities of oxidative enzymes are discussed.     

Proposal of a cannibalism bug‐based search strategy using genetic algorithms (C‐BUGS) and its application to multiobjective optimization problems

For decision support under a multiobjective environment, it is effective to offer a Pareto optimal solution set with uniform distribution to the decision‐maker. In this paper, a new optimization method for obtaining a Pareto optimal solution set with such uniform distribution is proposed. In order to overcome the difficulty of realizing this goal, the concept of cannibalism is introduced in BUGS (a bug‐based search strategy using genetic algorithms). Introducing the concept of cannibalism achieves the uniform distribution of Pareto optimal solutions. A numerical experiment using typical continuous and discrete multiobjective optimization problems clarifies the usefulness of the proposed method. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(1): 51–64, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1146