石化储罐区火灾监测与灭火联动控制系统应用设计

分析了石油化工储罐区的火灾危险性，安全监测参数和消防设施联动控制要求，提出石化储罐区火灾监测与灭火联动控制系统设计原则，探讨系统构成方案，设计特点及应用问题。     

储备粮仓库浅圆仓地下通廊火灾危险性及消防对策

浅圆仓是一种广泛用于大型现代化粮食仓库的新仓型，对于这种新仓型的地下通廊的消防设计问题目前国内规范还没有明确的规定。文章主要根据浅圆仓这种新仓型的特点，分析了浅圆仓地下通廊的火灾危险性和消防设计中存在的问题。     

山城高层建筑防火实践探析

文章介绍了重庆市在实现总体防火计划的环节中,创造了富有特色的工程实践。例如巧妙设置消防车道的“西三街”和“望龙门”工程;按上层道路判定建筑高度的“少年宫”工程;合理解决沿街长度超标的“拓展大厦”工程和力争地下室自然排烟的“得意世界”工程等。     

Use of Potassium for Treatment and Control of Zebra Mussel Infestation in Industrial Fire Protection Water Systems

Zebra mussels, first discovered in the Great Lakes in 1988, have frequently been detected in fire protection systems. However, the potential for large-scale infestations has not been established. It is clear that even small numbers of mussels can cause problems in areas that have small-diameter piping or in sprinkler system nozzles, if shells are flushed down-stream during emergency use.This paper will discuss the development of a method of zebra mussel control that limited interference with normal system operations when used at Niagara Mohawk's Dunkirk Steam Station. Because oxygen is often depressed in these systems and limits mussels survival and growth, it was established that by monitoring oxygen alone, or in combination with veliger or mussel larval monitoring, high-risk areas for mussel infestation could be determined. In previous laboratory research, it had already been determined that concentrations of potassium in excess of 100 mg/L would lead to quick mortality in adult zebra mussels. These results, along with a biofouling risk assessment completed at Dunkirk Steam Station, were used to develop and implement a successful treatment of the high-risk areas in the plant's fire protection water systems using potassium in the form of potash as the controlling agent.     

Evaluating building fire safety through egress prediction: A standard application in Japan

Egress calculation, or predicting human flow during egress, is widely applied in Japan using a standardized method for evaluating the fire safety of building plans. This paper illustrates the methods involved in egress calculation using concrete examples and a sample plan. The egress calculation plays an important role in evaluating building plans and in complementing existing fire regulations. However, further investigation needs to be done into human behavior and how it factors into egress.     

小议基于单体建筑的现行消防给水系统的弊端

通过分析现代消防给水系统中存在的问题及原因,指出我国目前民用建筑的消防体系是基于单体建筑的防灾系统,是局部的,不完整的。火灾对建筑是偶然事件,对城市则是必然事件。建筑灭火是建筑单体的责任,更是城市防灾体系的一部分,建议加强城市专业化消防管理、灭火、救助力量。建筑的消防职责在于扑灭初起火灾和在最佳控火时间内控制火灾,并及时启动城市相应的消防措施和应急机制。     

消防给水系统供水能力的检查验收方法

以末端试水装置的功能为例，从消防监督机构的角度，结合工程实例阐述了消防给水系统供水能力的检查验收方法，提出了检查时“流量”和“位置”的观点。     

火灾调查中直接证据与间接证据的运用

直接证据与间接证据对火灾事实有不同的证明作用，运用直接证据与间接证据的组合建立了两种证据体系，能够有效地证明火灾主要事实。     

隧道火灾过程的动态数值模拟

为了解某特长隧道发生火灾后,隧道内烟雾及温度的分布情况,利用地下工程火灾原理建立了计算隧道内空气温度、壁面温度及火灾烟雾浓度的火灾模型,并编制了动态仿真程序.对隧道内不同位置发生火灾时,隧道内空气温度、壁面温及火灾烟雾浓度随时间、空间的分布情况进行了模拟计算,给出了隧道内不同位置发生火灾时不发生烟气回流的通风控制要求,并分析了火灾时高温烟气对风机损坏的情况.     

烟气向远距离处迁移的研究

火灾产生的烟气是造成人员伤亡的主要原因 ,在很多的火灾案例中 ,远离火源处因烟气毒性而致死的情况非常普遍。关于烟气中肪物 ,尤其是 CO是如何向远距离处的迁移问题 ,着重介绍了目前国内外在火灾烟气毒性研究领域关于烟气向远距离处迁移规律研究的一些进展 ,结合目前的实际研究 ,对未来的研究作了展望