新型疏水沉淀二氧化硅的制备

以沉淀二氧化硅的半成品为原料,用DMC(二甲基聚环硅氧烷)进行表面改性,得到疏水度为29.9%的疏水二氧化硅产品。实验研究了DMC用量、改性时间、体系酸度、异丙醇的加入量及表面活性剂的添加等因素对改性效果的影响。结果表明,异丙醇和表面活性剂(Tween-20)的加入及酸性介质对提高产品改性效果影响显著;改性后样品的DBP、比表面积以及孔隙度均下降,说明改性后产品结构排布更加紧密,部分微孔被堵塞封闭。该方法具有工艺简单、成本较低、无有害腐蚀气体产生等优点。     

硅疏水改性聚胺阻垢剂的制备及其性能

用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)、1-氯辛烷对低相对分子质量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)进行疏水接枝改性,得到了含硅疏水改性聚胺阻垢剂。通过FTIR、TG、粒径分析、Zeta电位测试等分析改性后聚胺阻垢剂的结构与性能。结果表明,改性后产物热稳定性提高、黏度增大、表面张力降低、溶液粒径增大。将改性聚胺阻垢剂用于分散铝硅酸钠颗粒,对处理前后的颗粒进行红外光谱表征,并通过对悬浮分散液进行稳定性、颗粒沉降等测试,评价聚胺阻垢剂的阻垢分散性能并初步讨论其分散机理。当m(PEI, M_w=10000)∶m(KH560)∶m(1-氯辛烷)=10∶2∶0.5,反应时间6 h,反应温度75℃时,合成的阻垢剂分散性能最佳。当结疤的质量浓度为30 g/L时,悬浮液颗粒沉降速度达到最低值0.047 cm/d,沉降速率减小程度达到94.8%,分散性显著提高。经过改性后的PEI在氧化铝工业生产中具有高效的阻垢作用,可通过在工厂进行条件优化,进一步替代传统的强酸型阻垢剂,减小管道腐蚀程度,降低能耗。     

复合电镀层应用的新动向

介绍了复合电镀层应用的新动向，如电解工业用电极的制备，铝发动机气缸的应用，重点介绍Sn-Ag纳米微粒复合镀层做为无铅可焊镀层的溶液，pH值，霍氏槽及可焊性试验的结果，还介绍了具有装饰和优良憎水性的镍－聚四氟乙烯微粒复合镀层，简述了其工艺过程，溶液组成和操作条件，镀层特性及应用。     

Viscoelastic rheological property of different types of polymer solutions for enhanced oil recovery

The capability of hydrophobic association polymer(HAPAM) to displace oil is different from that of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) because they have different rheological properties.The viscoelasticity of five polymers was measured using Physica MCR301 rheometer and was compared.The five polymers include three HAPAMs with relative molecular mass of 1 248×104(TypeⅠ),750×104(TypeⅡ),and 571×104(Type Ⅲ) separately and two HPAMs with relative molecular mass of 1 200×104 and 3 800×104 respectively.The experiment results indicate that the viscoelasticity of HAPAM is better than that of HPAM.The storage modulus G’ and the loss modulus G″ for HAPAM solutions are also larger than those for HPAM.Comparing the rheological curves of different HAPAM types,it is found that the viscosity of typeⅡ and type Ⅲ is almost same at different shear rates while the viscosity of type I is the lower than that of Types Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The storage modulus G’ and the loss modulus G″ for three types of HAPAM were measured in low oscillation frequency range,and the results show that G’ is greater than G″ for all three different types of HAPAM,but their loss modulus is almost same,and the G’ is in the order of type Ⅱ>type Ⅲ>type I.In addition,the G’ and G″ increase with aging time for all three HAPAM solutions were stayed at different days.The viscoelasticity of type Ⅰ reaches the highest value when aging time is 9 d at 45 ℃,but it is 7 d for type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ.The different viscoelasticity properties can be attributed to self-organization supermolecule networks which is formed by hydrophobic association of HAPAM molecular and molecular chain entanglement.     

纳米无机添加剂对聚偏氟乙烯膜的疏水性影响

使用非溶剂致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜,考察了不同铸膜液浓度下PVDF膜的疏水性,研究添加疏水性纳米粒子对PVDF膜疏水性的影响.结果表明:PVDF膜的疏水性随着铸膜液中PVDF含量的升高而降低,疏水性随着纳米颗粒添加量的增大而升高;当铸膜液中PVDF质量分数为10%,纳米SiO2质量分数为2.5%时,PVDF膜的接触角可达136°;当铸膜液中PVDF质量分数为10%,纳米TiO2质量分数为15%时,PVDF膜的接触角可达141°.     

采油菌株Bacillus FH-1-2的培养特性研究

以液体石蜡为碳源,对采油菌株Bacillus FH-1-2进行好氧和兼性厌氧培养。通过测定培养过程中发酵液的表面张力、菌体密度、pH值以及细胞疏水性,发现好氧和兼性厌氧培养过程中各项指标的变化趋势相近,兼性厌氧条件下的生长较慢;细胞疏水性和发酵液pH值均无显著变化;发酵液接近中性,有利于菌体生长。结果表明,细胞疏水性强能促进菌体生长。对数生长期发酵液的表面张力随菌体密度的增大而减小,在菌体生长的稳定期和衰亡期,发酵液的表面张力和菌体密度正相关。兼性厌氧培养更有利于菌株Bacillus FH-1-2应用于原油采收。     

Numerical simulation of electroosmotic flow in hydrophobic microchannels

Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is a promising way for driving and mixing fluids in microfluidics. For the parallel-plate microchannel with the hydrophobic surface, this paper solved the governing equations using the finite element method (FEM), and the effects of microchannel height, electric strength and ionic concentration on EOF were thus investigated. The simulation indicates that the transient characteristics of EOF are similar in hydrophobic and hydrophilic microchannels, the steady time of EOF is proportional to the square of microchannel height, and the scale is microsecond. EOF velocity is proportional to the electric strength and independent of the channel height, and decreases slowly with the ionic concentration, which is lower than that in hydrophilic microchannel due to the presence of slip length in hydrophobic microchannel. The results can provide valuable insights into the optimal design of microchannel surfaces to achieve accurate EOF control in hydrophobic microchannel. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50730007)     

Hydrophobic potential by pairwise surface area sum

An approximate but rapid method for estimating hydrophobic energyis proposed. Aside from a scale factor, it is given by the pairwisesum of the surface area buried by each neighbor atom, but excludingthose atoms in the same residue or in its sequence neighborresidues. This sum is found to be linearly related to the trueburied area as calculated by the algorithm of Lee and Richards[1971, J. Mol Biol., 55, 379-400], and to the contact potentialof Miyazawa and Jernigan [1985, Macromolecules, 18, 534-552].It correlates with experimental transfer free energies to approximatelythe same degree as that calculated using the true buried area.Furthermore, in a simple test of helix packing with ROP proteinmonomer, the new hydrophobic energy clearly discriminated onestructure, with the lowest r.m.s. deviation from the crystalstructure, against an exhaustive set of others.     

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with highly hydrophobic surface

The preparation of very hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes was explored by using two methods. The first one was the modified phase inversion method using a water/N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) mixture instead of pure water as a soft precipitation bath. The second method was a precipitation‐bath free method, that is, the PVDF/DMAc casting solution underwent gelation in the open air instead of being immersed into a precipitation bath. The morphology of the surface and cross section of the membranes was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the membranes exhibited certain micro‐ and nanoscale hierarchical roughness on the surface, which brought about an enhanced hydrophobicity of the membrane. The contact angle (CA) of the samples obtained by the second method was as high as 150° with water. The conventional phase inversion method preparing PVDF porous membrane using pure water as precipitation bath usually results in an asymmetric membrane with a dense skin layer having a CA close to that of a smooth PVDF surface. The modified approach avoided the formation of a skin‐layer and resulted in a porous and highly hydrophobic surface of PVDF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1358–1363, 2005     

The relative positions of alanine residues in the hydrophobic core control the formation of two-stranded or four-stranded {alpha}-helical coiled-coils

The objective of this study was to investigate the positionaleffect of hydrophobic interactions in the -helical interfacein controlling the formation of two-stranded and four-strandedcoiled-coils. Two disulfide-bridged antiparallel coiled-coilswere designed which differ only in the position of a singleAla residue in the middle heptad: in peptide 2H the Ala residuesare in register (in the same rung), while in peptide 4H theyare not. Data from size-exclusion chromatography and sedimentationequilibrium experiments showed that under benign conditionspeptides 2H and 4H were two-stranded and four-stranded coiled-coilsrespectively. These results, in conjunction with molecular modelingstudies, suggest that when four Ala residues are in the sameplane of a potential four-stranded coiled-coil, the small sidechains of Ala would create a large cavity in the hydrophobicinterface of the potential four-stranded structure which isdestabilizing and favors the two-stranded, disulfide-bridgedcoiled-coil. In contrast, an alternating Leu-Ala hydrophobicpacking in the two planes distributes the potential cavity overa larger region, which may be partially filled by minor adjustmentsof the neighboring Leu side chains. As a result, there is stillsufficient hydrophobic contact to maintain the four-strandedstructure.