高效液相色谱法测定Fapas能力验证样品中咖啡因含量的不确定度评定

目的评定高效液相色谱法测定Fapas能力验证项目中咖啡因含量的不确定度。方法依据国家计量技术规范JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》对研磨咖啡粉(Sample A)和去咖啡因研磨咖啡粉(Sample B)2个样品中咖啡因含量测定的不确定度来源进行分析。通过建立数学模型量化不确定度分量,计算合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,并与Fapas能力验证结果进行对比。结果 Sample A结果报告为(13.36±0.21) g/kg,k=2; Sample B结果报告为(265.0±5.1) mg/kg,k=2,且Fapas能力验证结果为满意; 2个样品咖啡因含量测量不确定度均主要来源于标准曲线配制过程、样品重复性和标准曲线拟合3部分。结论该研究可为评价咖啡因含量测定结果的质量和控制实验室内部质量提供参考;同时不确定度评定和能力验证结果表明实验室在不同的浓度水平上均有能力开展相关检测并能保证数据可靠。     

高准确度静态质量法液体流量标准装置及其不确定度评价

本文介绍了一种高准确度质量法液体流量标准装置的设计方法,为对市场中出现的高准确度科里奥利质量流量计的量值传递提供了可能。文中介绍了装置设计过程中,为提高装置准确度用到的电动换向、衡器自校准、蒸馏水代替自来水等方法。试验证明,上述方法的应用使装置达到了预期的不确定度水平。文章还着重介绍了高准确度静态质量法液体流量标准装置不确定度的评价要点,对装置的不确定度水平进行了评定。     

铝热还原制备高钛铁脱氧性能的研究

炉外铝热反应制备的高钛铁合金由于Al、O含量高，不能直接用于钢水精炼过程。本文研究了高铝高钛铁在钢液精炼过程中的热力学，以及高钛铁中铝和铁含量对钢液精炼过程的影响。结果表明：采用Ti和Al作为复合脱氧剂，在1873K当钢水中的aTi/aAl大于8时，脱氧产物为Ti2O3；但事实上，只有当液态钢中的aTi/aAl值高于10时，Ti2O3才会作为脱氧产物沉淀。采用高铝高钛铁作为脱氧剂，钢水中铝和钛的含量可以满足相关钢的成分要求。随着高钛铁含量的增加，精炼后的铸钢中夹杂物由硅酸盐转变为Ti-Al-Mn复合夹杂物；同时，在这些夹杂物周围形成径向针状铁素体，细化了钢的微观结构。实际系统中的aTi/aAl值为17.78（> 8），与理论结果一致。当钢液中的氧含量高时，控制钢水中aTi/aAl的值是至关重要的。     

Liquid−liquid structure transition in metallic melt and its impact on solidification: A review

Understanding the nature of liquid structures and properties has always been a hot field in condensed matter physics and metallic materials science. The liquid is not homogeneous and the local structures inside change discontinuously with temperature, pressure, etc. The liquid will experience liquid−liquid structure transition under a certain condition. Liquid−liquid structure transition widely exists in many metals and alloys and plays an important role in the final microstructure and the properties of the solid alloys. This work provides a comprehensive review on this unique structure transition in the metallic liquid together with the recent progress of its impact on the following microstructure and properties after solidification. These effects are discussed by integrating them into different experimental results and theoretical considerations. The application of liquid−liquid structure transition as a strategy to tailor the properties of metals and alloys is proven to be practical and efficient.     

Arduino-based slider setup for gas–liquid mass transfer investigations: Experiments and CFD simulations

The implementation of traditional sensors is a drawback when investigating mass transfer phenomena within microstructured devices, since they disturb the flow and reactor characteristics. An Arduino based slider setup is developed, which is equipped with a computer-vision system to track gas–liquid slug flow. This setup is combined with an optical analytical method allowing to compare experimental results against CFD simulations and investigate the entire lifetime of a single liquid slug with high spatial and temporal resolution. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients are measured and compared with data from literature and the mass transfer contribution of the liquid film is discussed.     

Fluidization using pseudoplastic liquids – Elutriation and ANN modeling

Experimental work on elutriation of irregularly shaped sand particles (0.538–2.03 mm diameter) was carried out in three different Perspex columns (47 mm, 72 mm and 92.3 mm) using different non-Newtonian pseudoplastic liquids (0.4–0.8 kg/m³ SCMC solution). The effects of operating parameters, column diameter, bed weight, particle diameter, particle sphericity, liquid rheological properties on the minimum elutriation velocity were examined. The statistically accepted empirical correlation was developed. ANN model could predict the experimental data of minimum elutriation velocity with a correlation coefficient of 0.9951.     

离子液体-有机溶剂复合技术处理含油污泥的研究

采用离子液体辅助溶剂萃取法处理胜利油田的含油污泥，回收原油，考察了不同溶剂、剂油比、温度、反应时间、离心机转速等条件对油和沥青质脱附效率的影响。结果表明：最佳的实验条件为在正庚烷+离子液体[Emim][BF4]溶剂体系中，剂油比50/3，温度50 ℃，反应时间20 min，离心机转速2 000 r/min；在此条件下，含油污泥中油的回收率高达90.5%，沥青质的回收率为83.1%；正庚烷和离子液体可以回收重复使用，正庚烷的一次和二次回收率分别为89.2%和74.2%；离子液体几乎没有损失，一次和二次回收率分别高达98.6%和95.4%；使用二次回收的正庚烷和离子液体为溶剂时油和沥青质的回收率分别达到85.1%和78.4%。在此基础上，探讨了含油污泥脱附过程的作用机理。离子液体-有机溶剂复合技术显著提高了油泥萃取的油回收率，对油泥的无害化和资源化工业生产具有重要的参考价值。     

Fermentation dynamics of Lactobacillus helveticus H9 revealed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Lactobacillus (L.) helveticus H9 is a probiotic strain that can produce antihypertensive peptides during milk fermentation. This study analysed the dynamics of skim milk fermentation by L. helveticus H9 by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q‐TOF MS). A total of 1992 metabolites were detected from all of the fermented samples in the LC‐MS analysis by multivariate statistical analysis. Metabolites with variable importance in projection (VIP) values ≥2 were considered differentially abundant among samples and were responsible for the unique taste and nutritional and functional qualities of fermented milk. Valine, threonine, l ‐methionine, tyrosine, asparagine and leucine were the predominant amino acids produced during fermentation, and their quantities changed remarkably during the fermentation process. Citric acid and uric acid were the major, and only detectable, organic acids. Some intermediate metabolites, such as N‐acryloylglycine and nicotinamide‐N‐oxide, were also detected. Moreover, certain oligopeptides such as Val‐Leu, Lys‐Gly, Ala‐Glu, Asp‐Ser, Leu‐Pro and Val‐Phe‐Ala were not detected until the middle and late fermentation periods. This study demonstrated dynamic metabolic changes, providing a strong foundation for deciphering the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the fermentation process.