解决17型车钩钩体尾部裂纹措施

本文论述了17型车钩钩体生产过程的工艺改进,介绍了17型车钩钩体尾部裂纹产生的原因及采取的措施。通过工艺上采用保温暗冒口提高凝固过程补缩性,同时采用空心销孔芯提高芯子的退让性,并加强车钩钩体生产过程质量控制等措施,成功地解决了17型车钩钩体尾部裂纹问题,产品废品率由4.3%降到0.23%.     

Numerical evaluation and the effects of geometrical and operational parameters on thermal performance of the shell and double coil tube heat exchanger

Heat exchangers are extensively used in various industries. In this study, the impact of geometric and flow parameters on the performance of a shell and double helical coil heat exchanger is studied numerically. The investigated geometric parameters include external coil pitch, internal coil pitch, internal coil diameter, and coil diameter. The influences of considered geometrical parameters are analyzed on the output temperature of the hot and cold fluid, convective heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and average Nusselt number. Water is considered as working fluid in both shell and tube. As an innovation, double helical coils are used instead of one in the heat exchanger. To compare the obtained results accurately, in each section, the heat transfer area (coil outer surface) is kept constant in all models. The results show that the geometrical parameters of double helical coils significantly affect the heat transfer rate.     

630℃超超临界二次再热塔式锅炉热力特性与壁温耦合计算研究

630℃超超临界火电技术作为下一代超超临界发电技术,对于煤炭资源的节约、发电机组的经济性以及环境改善,都显示了优越性。目前630℃超超临界锅炉的热力计算还缺乏相关研究。本文以某1000MW超超临界二次再热塔式锅炉布置方案为例,将锅炉管道、炉膛、高温受热面作为串联管路计算,在工质侧将热力计算与管路计算进行耦合建立数值分析模型。该计算模型能够同时得到比实现水动力和热力计算更精细的结果,对后续700℃工程持续优化提升做好技术储备。     

Graphene-based polymer composites with ultra-high in-plane thermal conductivity: A comparison study between optothermal Raman spectroscopy and laser flash method

We developed a simple solution mixing and molding process for the incorporation of graphene nano-flakes (GNFs) in polymer films. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (PEMAA) were used for preparation of the samples. The orientation and stacking of GNFs were confirmed using a scanning electron microscope. The thermal conductivity values for these composites were obtained using (1) laser flash method (commercially available) and (2) an optothermal Raman (OTR) technique (homemade device). The former measures the thermal diffusivity (α) and one needs to measure the density (ρ) and the heat capacity (C_p) of the composites in order to measure the in-plane thermal conductivity (κ = α.ρ.C_p), while the latter measures the in-plane thermal conductivity directly from the relation between the excitation power and the position of the Raman resonance. The data obtained from Raman spectroscopy were analyzed, assuming heat propagation in three and two dimensions. The Raman results obtained based on the two-dimensional model were very close to the results obtained using the laser flash method with less than 10% difference. The OTRspectroscopy was found to be a promising technique for measuring the in-plane thermal conductivity of carbon-based polymer composites. PVDF-HFP and PEMAA composite films with very high in-plane thermal conductivity (25 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) were obtained through the incorporation of GNFs (20 wt % concentration). Considering a very low thermal conductivity of these polymers (<0.2 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), this corresponds to a large enhancement of roughly 12 400%. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48927.     

航天用多弧段封头淬火装置优化设计

提出了某航天产品用多弧段封头产品的淬火处理方法;通过有限元分析,得出了多弧段封头在底部约束情况下的热处理畸变趋势;建立了多弧段封头淬火装置的三维模型,介绍了多弧段封头淬火装置的基本结构。通过有限元分析得出在淬火装置约束下,多弧段封头热处理,总畸变量为16.0 mm,Z向15.0 mm,X向8.5 mm。通过对多弧段封头淬火装置的热畸变情况分析,提出了淬火装置的优化设计方案,优化后的多弧段封头的热处理,总畸变量为7.0 mm,Z向10.0 mm,X向3.0 mm。解决了多弧段封头热处理畸变过大问题,并通过生产验证。     

带耐火衬里高温反应器密封锥结构的设计

耐火衬里及支撑结构设计的可靠性是保证高温反应器壳体温度小于设计温度的关键因素。针对耐火衬里结构失效导致反应器壳体温度超过设计温度的问题,提出了一种双金属焊接的密封锥结构。该结构具有支撑金属衬里的作用以及将耐火材料与金属衬里之间的膨胀空间分割成多个密闭空间以阻止高温气体的流动,进而提高隔热可靠性。采用ANSYS软件中APDL语言建立了密封锥连接结构的有限元模型,通过研究密封锥不同角度以及厚度对计算结果的影响,得出了密封锥的最佳结构参数,并满足ASME标准的应力强度评定要求。模拟结果可为此类高温反应器耐火衬里结构的设计提供参考依据。     

基于改进ReaxFF 力场的全氟己酮热分解机理研究

采用基于密度泛函的紧束缚模型（DFTB）和改进的反作用力场（ReaxFF）对全氟己酮的热分解机理进行反应分子动力学仿真研究，分析了热分解的初始反应路径、微观反应过程以及体系内气体的生成机理，探讨了温度对全氟己酮热分解的影响，建立了以仿真数据为基础的一级动力学方程并对热分解过程进行一级动力学评估。结果表明，全氟己酮热分解的起始反应为：全氟己酮→全氟异戊烷+一氧化碳，全氟己酮热分解的主要产物为一氧化碳、四氟甲烷、六氟丙烯、全氟异丁烯、十氟丁烷、全氟异戊烷及大量活性基团。经一级动力学评估得到指前因子和表观活化能分别为5.021 7×1014 s-1和1 771.96 kJ/mol。     

热变形对GH4169合金中NbC析出相尺寸形貌影响研究

通过Gleeble3500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验并结合微观组织观察和统计分析，研究了热变形对GH4169合金中NbC颗粒尺寸形貌、分布特征的影响规律。研究表明压缩过程中的绝热效应会导致试样心部温度的进一步升高，从而为变形过程中的NbC回溶提供条件。NbC颗粒与基体在变形过程中形成的高位错密度区促进了元素的扩散，并加速了小曲率半径的尖角区域回溶和钝化。随变形量的增加NbC回溶趋势增加，其平均尺寸与体积分数均呈降低趋势。变形过程金属流动会促进NbC颗粒的位移，在70%的变形量下，NbC颗粒平均间距增加趋势显著高于30%和50%变形量试样。因此随变形量的增加，NbC颗粒有从链状→链条弯曲→链条方向改变→弥散分布的分布特征，促进基体中原链状NbC呈细小、弥散分布。研究结果为GH4169闪光焊接性能的提高提供了直接的参考。     

355 MPa级转向架构架用钢连续冷却转变行为

高速动车组转向架构架对高速动车组的运行品质、行车安全起到至关重要的作用。为向355 MPa级转向架构架用钢的工业试制提供指导，在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上进行了热模拟试验，结合热膨胀法和金相-硬度法，绘制了355 MPa级转向架构架用钢动态连续冷却转变曲线，研究了试验钢在连续冷却条件下的显微组织演变规律。结果表明，冷速小于1 ℃/s时，其组织主要为多边形铁素体和珠光体；冷速大于5 ℃/s时，贝氏体类组织快速增加；冷速达到50 ℃/s时，为板条贝氏体组织。因此，对于355 MPa级转向架构架用钢，冷速控制在1~5 ℃/s较为适宜，其组织主要由比例适中软硬性相结合的铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体构成，可以获得优良的强韧性匹配。     

Preparation,thermal and mechanical properties of poly (ether-imide) composite reinforced with carbon nanotube buckypaper

Vacuum filtration technique was employed in order to prepare multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypapers (MWCNT-BP) through a well-dispersed suspension of MWCNT/H₂O with the aid of Triton X-100 surfactant. The obtained BP (buckypaper) was then infiltrated with a solution of poly (ether-imide) (PEI) under vacuum conditions. The visual inspection demonstrated the importance of the centrifugation procedure before the vacuum filtration of the suspension, revealing a smooth surface of the as-prepared buckypaper. Thermogravimetric experiments (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy analyses have demonstrated the role of isopropyl alcohol in the removal of Triton X-100 from the nanotube network. SEM observations of the cross-section view of the samples revealed a porous network of the fabricated BP, and an impregnated structure of the PEI/BP composite, suggesting a good interfacial bonding between MWCNT and PEI. Moreover, significant improvements were achieved in mechanical and thermal properties of PEI matrix by the incorporation of BP, as the increase of both the storage modulus (42%) and the T _g (11 °C) for the PEI/BP composite. TGA have shown a significant increase in the onset decomposition temperature of the polymer by the incorporation of the BP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48330.