Adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric from aqueous systems

The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric was studied relative to the surfactant concentration, surfactant type, water solubility, and fiber morphology. The adsorption increased with increasing surfactant concentration to a maximum near the critical micelle concentration, then decreased with further increases in surfactant concentration. The adsorption also was found to be highly dependent on the fiber surface area and pore structure; dramatic differences were observed between untreated and mercerized cotton fabric and are believed to be due to morphological differences. Cationic and anionic surfactants increased the aroma chemical adsorption, which varied with surfactant type, with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)>sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)>H₂O. Water solubility also influenced adsorption; in most cases, adsorption increased with water solubility. In addition, adsorption was also influenced by chemical structure and hydrophobic interactions. The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric can be attributed to the aqueous solution being physically held in capillaries and pore structures within the fibular structure of cotton fiber and also to molecular interactions among the aroma chemical molecules, surfactants, and cotton substrate.     

Hydrotreating processes for catalytic abatement of water pollutants

Opportunities and problems in application of catalytic hydrotreating processes, which are presented a viable approach in the abatement of water pollutants, are discussed. Analysis of the hydrodechlorination (HDC) and hydrodenitrification (HDN) using Pd-based catalysts supported on various materials like granulated activated carbon (GAC), fibrous activated carbon cloths (ACCs) or glass fiber cloths (GFCs) studied recently in our laboratory suggests the following perspectives:

Exhaustive regeneration of Pd/GAC saturated with p-chlorophenol can be achieved in a two-step approach, incorporating gas-phase HDC by hydrogen followed by oxidation by air.

Pd/ACC catalysts are good candidates for the liquid-phase HDC showing activity higher than that of Pd/GAC or Pd/GFC; the high adsorption capacity of Pd/ACC lead suggesting its use in a technology with periodic adsorption and HDC, in similarity to adsorption with regeneration of GAC.

Pd/GFC and Pd–Cu/GFC are promising catalyst for removal of nitrites and nitrates, showing activity and selectivity that compares favorably with those of powdered catalysts.

Molecular sieve properties obtained by cracking of methane on activated carbon fibers

Molecular sieve properties of activated carbon fibers modified by cracking treatment with methane are studied herein. The effect of methane treatment on the porous texture of the samples has been studied while varying temperature and time. These materials have been evaluated for their selectivity during CO₂ and CH₄ separation; their uptakes have been compared with non-treated activated carbon fibers (studied previously), which were considered suitable to be used as molecular sieves. Kinetics of CO₂ and CH₄ uptake have also been investigated in this research. The treatment produced materials exhibiting fast kinetics and high selectivity during CO₂ and CH₄ separation; at the same time however, the CO₂ uptake capacity was diminished.     

Corrosion inhibition of triethanolammonium bromide mono- and dibenzoate as cationic inhibitors in an acidic medium

A weight loss technique was used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of synthesized alkyl mono-and dibenzoate triethanolammonium bromide derivatives (TEAMB, TEADB) in an acidic medium (2 N HCl) at different doses (50, 100, and 200 ppm). The results showed that monoderivatives had a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than diderivatives. The results were correlated with several factors, including the alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic chains, interfacial tension (IT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and adsorption free energy of these inhibitors. Increasing the geometric length of the alkyl chains in the synthesized inhibitors had an increasing effect on their corrosion inhibition efficiency, whereas decreasing the CMC and IT had an increasing effect on their tendency toward corrosion inhibition. The number of hydrophobic chains attached to the inhibitor molecules had a vital influence on their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors.     

THERMAL REGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBONS

The thermal regeneration of activated carbons loaded with p-nitrophenol (PNP) and other aromatic compounds was studied using a thermal balance. After pyrolysis of the adsorbates in nitrogen at 700°C, the residues were gasified with oxygen at 415 to 500°C or with steam at 840 to 920°C. Residues from PNP were several times more reactive to oxygen than the base carbons and also showed greater chemisorption of oxygen. For steam gasification, only small differences between spent and fresh carbons were found.     

Mg⁃Al⁃LDH对塔河沥青质及其亚组分的吸附研究

采用pH恒定共沉淀法合成了双金属氢氧化物Mg?Al?LDH,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)及BET等手段对其微观形貌、结构和组成进行表征。结果表明,成功制备出具有层状结构且有序程度较高的LDHs,其孔径属于介孔范畴。采用甲苯?正庚烷法将塔河沥青质（T_A）分离成重组分(A₁)和轻组分(A₂),并对其进行元素分析,得知A₁的极性最大,其次依次为T_A和A₂。进一步考察了Mg?Al?LDH对塔河沥青质及其亚组分A₁、A₂的吸附性能,研究发现Mg?Al?LDH对T_A及其亚组分A₁、A₂的吸附可在2~3 h达到平衡,实验数据与准二级动力学拟合较好,所得吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,Mg?Al?LDH对T_A及其亚组分A₁、A₂的吸附量分别为71.38、140.65、39.31 mg/g。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites-calcium silicate hydrate composite from coal fly ash with co-activation of Ca(OH)2-NaOH for aqueous heavy metals removal

Coal fly ash is a typical secondary aluminum/silicon resource. The preparation of zeolite-type absorbent is a potential way for its value-added utilization, while the purity and adsorption property of zeolite are limited due to the occurrence of side reactions in the synthesis process. In this study, a designated composite consisted of crystalline zeolites and amorphous calcium silicate hydrate was selected, which was direct synthesized from fly ash under conditions of a Ca/Si molar ratio of 0.8, an initial NaOH concentration of 0.5 mol/L, a hydrothermal temperature of 170 ℃ and a liquid–solid ratio of 15 mL/g. The results indicated that this composite had superior adsorption property for a variety of heavy metals, which was based on the exchange of calcium and sodium ions in zeolites and calcium silicate hydrate. Its adsorption capacities for Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺ attained 409.4, 222.4, 147.5, 93.2, 101.1 and 157.0 mg/g, respectively, in single solution with a pH of 4.5. After regulating the synthesis conditions, the transformation of amorphous calcium silicate hydrate into crystallized tobermorite weakened the adsorption capacity of the composite. Besides, due to the competitive adsorption in a multiple ions solution, the adsorption capacities for these heavy metals had a reduction.     

活性炭纤维对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色研究

研究了活性炭纤维（ACF）对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色试验。温度为15-20℃,滤速为4mL/min时。浓度为10mg/L的亚甲基蓝脱色率达98％以上。活性炭纤维经20次吸附与解吸实验,吸附脱色性能没有明显降低。与颗粒状活性炭（GAC）相比,活性炭纤维吸附脱色亚甲基蓝的速度快,在短时间内,就能达到吸附平衡。     

粘土层孔材料处理含铬废水的研究

研究了以粘土层孔材料作为吸附剂 ,以F0 2为添加剂对含铬电镀废水的处理 ,并对其吸附性能作了初步探讨。试验表明在不改变原水 pH值的条件下 ,吸附剂用量为 2 5 g/L ,还原剂用量为0 5g/L ,处理后水中残留铬浓度为 0 2mg/L ,远低于国标GB8978 1996一级排放标准 ;试验结果还表明 :粘土层孔材料吸附铬的反应符合Freundlich吸附经验式     

低级脂肪醇与水的分离方法研究进展

介绍了用于分离醇／水混合物的渗透汽化法、蒸汽渗透法、共沸精馏法、萃取精馏法、超临界萃取和吸附法,具体分析了各类方法的特点和应用前景。认为膜方法将是这一领域最有前途的技术。