A vibratory filtration model for candle-type filters

A candle filter was used to determine flow rate characteristics of filtering suspensions under axial vibrations. In this work, a generalised analysis of filtration under vibrating conditions was developed. The model required the use of experimental data interpretation. The analysis gives in a simplified form the complicated functional relationship between time, cumulative flow, vibration parameters and other process variables.Such a relationship can be used in the design of vibratory filters for predicting flow rate with time. These filters are useful in particle separation processes.     

Criticality perturbations on inserting small specimens

Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 79–81, February, 1989.     

Augmented rectangular load flow model

This paper presents some improvements to the load flow solution in rectangular coordinates. First, in an attempt to use as linear a model as possible, both the nodal equations and the bus constraints are retained. The Newton-Raphson (NR) method is then applied to the enlarged set of equations, and written in terms of bus voltages and currents. This scheme, combined with a simple procedure to handle PV buses, leads to a computationally efficient algorithm, particularly advantageous in the presence of zero-injection buses. Experimental results are provided comparing the performance of the proposed approach with that of the conventional formulation     

Thermal degradation of cinnamoylated poly(vinyl alcohol)

Thermogravimetry and pyrolysis in combination with gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were the experimental techniques applied to the thermal degradation of cinnamoylated poly(vinyl alcohol) samples, constituted from vinyl alcohol-vinyl cinnamate photocrosslinkable copolymers. The thermal decomposition products include gases, liquids and solids. The gases are formed from saturated and unsaturated volatile hydrocarbons C₁? C₄, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The liquid fraction includes aromatic hydrocarbons and some oxygenated organic compounds. The solid product identified in the greatest amount was cinnamic acid. The content in the thermal decomposition products varies considerably both with copolymer composition and temperature.     

Dispersion Signatures, a Statistically Based, Dynamic, Digital Microwave Radio System Measurement Technique

Outage in digital microwave radio systems during multipath fading is highly correlated with the channel amplitude dispersion. This characteristic is exploited in a new digital microwave radio system measurement technique which yields dispersion signatures. These dispersion signatures can be readily applied to assess the effects of time varying channels on digital radio equipment. Thus, dispersion signatures can be used for in-service monitoring of equipment operation during actual fading. Routine maintenance assessment and laboratory evaluation of digital microwave radio equipment can also be readily carried out. The laboratory evaluation results can be used for system design both with and without diversity.     

Efficiency increase of an induction motor by improving coolingperformance

Improving the efficiency of induction motors, which are the most energy consuming electric machines in the world, saves much energy. The efficiency can be increased by improving cooling performance as well as by using better materials or by improving electromagnetic performance with better design. This paper presents the relationship between the efficiency or the losses and the temperature of coils with experiments as well as simulations by changing parameters such as the load and the flow rate of cooling air. The losses and the efficiency are calculated from an equivalent circuit method as well as experiments. Coil temperatures variation affects much on the efficiency. The internal cooling method is better than that of external cooling for the coil temperature reduction. Several cooling methods are compared focusing on the fan efficiency and performance, from which the values of the efficiencies of the motors are expected. The fan efficiency as well as the fan performance should be considered for the optimum fan design to increase the total efficiency of a motor. The simulations are validated by the comparison with the experiments